Marlen Esparza free essay sample

In Nathaniel Rich’s essay, â€Å"Marlen Esparza: Going the distance†, stated thatMarlenEsparza has a real talent for boxing. Talent is a natural ability, reflect the intelligence, great acumen, easy to cultivate and bring into play in future. Marlen Esparza who was born in Houston is a young American boxer and gets high achievement in the contest. When people look at Marlen, they will think she is a little girl, but actually she has a power and talent inside. To write this essay and affirm Esparzas talent, authors found information and interviewed not only Marlen Esparza but also her family and coach. The author is not the only person who confirms Esparzas endowment in the field of boxing, others also praised her ability. To prove his claim, Rich gives the myriad information in the essay to assert more of Esparzas talent. Everyone has at least one natural talent in a certain field. We will write a custom essay sample on Marlen Esparza or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some people show their talent very early when they are kids, but some people just find their talent until they become adults. Marlen Esparza’s talent was revealed in the sports field when she was youngand the author suggests, Marlen was always desperate to compete against her brothers† (851). Although Esparza’s father desired one of his sons become a boxing legend, his younger daughter had an interest in boxing than his sons. Boxing is a sport that requires strong, healthy and high endurance, but Marlen who is a girl did not fearless when she dared to fight boxing with her brothers. This action showed a passion of a young girl who likes playing boxing that is mainly for boys instead of play activities for girls. In addition, a girl who could beat her brothersdemonstrated that she is very strong and have good stamina to pursue boxing. Inside her, talent seed had been budding when she was young. In his essay, Rich maintains, â€Å"She attacked that other little girl like a pit bull, like a grasshopper†¦Her determination and stamina surprised me. That other girl was trying to survive! † (851). Bull is a symbol of strength, aggressive, eager to win, and if it see the red color, it will butt against an opponent. While Marlen fights with the other girls, she looks like a bull with full of energetic to win,ready to strike and hit the opponent. If the other girls were trying to survive to pass exercises, Marlen did not get tired or bewail the painful difficulties, and she was more and more vigorous during exercises. Indeed, only those who have a gift for boxing and passion as Marlen, who can train hard without a break. She also proved that talent can just develop if people practice, cultivate everyday and never give up. Nathaniel reveals in essay that â€Å"Marlen Esparza is currently ranked ninth in the world† (853). It wasnot easy to be one of the top ten in the world, but Marlene already did that. For over 12 years, she has spent countless time to practice with hope that will attend the exams in the country and international. Her talent was recognized when she won the bronze medal in an International Olympic Committee at the London Games in 2012. In international competitions, she defeated opponents who were very proficient in boxing from other countries, so this proved that she is a great player with good technique and quick reflex while playing. Moreover, her talent has represented the younger generation potential of the United States to attend in the international arena. Everyone thought she had everything after she achieved high performance in competitions, but actually she also has to confront obstacles in life. She shared in the essay thatâ€Å"I get mad. I don’t date. I haven’t gone out in a long time†¦I don’t have Facebook, because I’d be jealous of everybody. I don’t want to know what I’m missing. † (854). All of her time, she just practices every day becauseboxing seems to be all to her, and it also took away her free time that perhaps she can go out with friends or date with a guy. An ordinary girl can do anything they like, but Esparzas talent made her become a special girl. Behind the medal of the competition, the price for the medal is sometimes lonely when she does not have friends and jealous of normal girls. For this reason, she did not feel very happy from her victory. If she can balance her life between boxing and entertainment, she will not be pressured and feel sad anymore. Additionally, the author maintains, â€Å"Esparza plans on quitting after the Olympics because while male fighters can earn millions, female professionals rarely make more than $10,000 and often must fight abroad† (855). In todays society, people are still sexist in sports field because they think men are stronger and important, so they have more priority for men. Both men and women must rigorous exercise in the long time, but the amount of money of the women is very small for a title. Not only Marlen but also female fighters feel underprivileged and unfair because they cannot live with little money. As a consequence, the thought of quitting sports is often seen in the female athletes since the society do not really have respect for their talent. The gender discrimination is the real reasonto prevent the development of female talent. Esparza intended to quit boxing after the International Olympic Committee, and she will go to medical school, but noone make sure that it will truly better for her or not. Her talent is boxing which is a sport that she is very passionate. More than 12 years to pursue boxing, she love boxing and it gives her power to do intense exercise. She is really herself when she lives with boxing because it is her dream. On the other hand, if she went to medical school, it will be a completely different field. Marlen cannot study well, and it will waste time to study when she does not have an interest in the medical. She will be an anesthesiologist all her life, but if one day, when she misses boxing, she cannot go back because numerous other young talents have developed at that time.

Learning Task Seven Example

Learning Task Seven Example Learning Task Seven – Coursework Example number 01 May Learning Task #7 The twenty-first century is an era of information, the intensified exchangeof which has become possible due to the Industrial revolution and introduction of new technologies. The modern-day society has to adjust itself to new challenges. In order to be in picture of the intensified process of information exchange one must be able to adequately analyze and foresee the tendencies of human activities at large. In this short essay I will try to explain how I, as a student, might use information to help educate students in my community in order to acquire and appreciation of humanities. The social order in Great Britain was transformed by the industrial revolution having introduced the new patterns of class behavior worldwide (Matthews, Noble, and DeWitt ch. 18). The French Revolution and the American Revolutionary War have changed the face of the world dramatically. Although these events were followed by certain reactionary attempts of some governments in a number of powerful European countries reverse the course of history in the middle of the nineteenth century, the changes in the collective mind of Western civilization proved to be nonreversible. By the end of the nineteenth century the communication of ideas became much easier for all members of Western societies regardless the social class affiliation. The industrial and post-industrial era turned the whole world into a so-called big village, where cross-cultural interaction intensified drastically. Without the ability to study our cultural legacy with critical and analytical mind within the framework of humanities it is impossible to understand what challenges the next generations will face.Work CitedMatthews, Roy, Thomas Noble, and Platt DeWitt. Experience Humanities. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2013. Kindle Edition.

Research Critical Appraisa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Critical Appraisa - Essay Example Additional to using traditional along with well-established procedures along with practices, health care practitioners are accepting pioneering interventions that are clear on best practices and solid research-based facts. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an example of such a technique and is swiftly gaining fame due to its likelihood to take successfully care for clinical issues as well as give better patient care. New far-reaching transformations impact nursing research in the healthcare research venture. Nascent fields are rising to understand how to boost efficiency, effectiveness, safety, and aptness of health care; how to advance health service delivery systems; as well as how to encourage performance development. The emerging fields comprise translational along with improvement science, health delivery systems science and implementation research ("Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas," n.d.). Research into the use of the evidence-based practice is among the fields that has remarkably affected the exemplar shift and is intertwined with the other fields. Research into EBP uptake is equal to examining Star Point 4 (incorporation of EBP into practice). Numerous distinguished federal grant agendas have developed to promote research that builds the evidential foundation for efficient strategies in using EBP. Among the innovative research, initiatives are the Patient-Centered Outcomes grants and the Clinical Translational Science Awards. The Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas. (n.d.). Retrieved from

All Forms of Tobacco Should Be Made Illegal Essay

All Forms of Tobacco Should Be Made Illegal - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that tobacco items in widespread use and business preparation are derived from three sorts of tobacco preparation; rolls of tobacco smoked (e.g. Cigar, cigarette) pipes (counting water pipes) oral arrangements for biting and holding in the mouth or putting in the nose (e.g. snuff, snus, betel quid). Smoking in broad daylight was, for quite some time, done only by men, and when done by females was sometimes connected with promiscuity; In Japan, throughout the Edo period, prostitutes and their customers regularly approached each other under the appearance of offering a smoke. The same was correct for nineteenth-century Europe. At present, there are an expected 1.3 billion smokers on the planet. The death rate from tobacco utilization is currently 5 million individuals a year; if present usage examples continue, the number of deaths will be about twofold, reaching near 10 million by the year 2020. The higher rate of death and ailment is quickly moving to developing nations. Nearly one-half of cigarette smokers die early from tobacco intake. That is to say that in regards to 650 million individuals alive today will, in the end, die from a tobacco-related illness if they keep on smoking. In spite of what we think about tobacco use today, tobacco utilization keeps on increasing around the world. The plague is still growing, particularly in low- and moderate income nations. The tobacco business has an enormous potential market in these nations, where they regularly confront weaker tobacco control measures and ï ¬ nd an extraordinary number of possible new clients, around females specifically. Different sorts of tobacco items are connected with various sorts of diseases. For instance, despite the fact that smokeless tobacco items may not result in lung disease and different infections connected to smoke inhalation, their numerous other unfavorable effects still make them the real health concern in a few regions. Cigarettes, P ipes, water pipes and Cigars are the most commonly used forms of tobacco. Cigarettes are the most fatal and addictive items ever made by humans. At the point when utilized as intended by their producers, they kill more or less one a large portion of their clients. There are a few parts of the smoke and its advancement that have an extraordinary effect on the degree of the harm it does in health terms.

The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems Essay

The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems - Essay Example However, the system transformation process is not easy as an entire department that utilized the system is grounded to a halt, which means dealing with inconveniences of managing the functions manually (Khosrow-Pour, 2001). The main issue is in how to attain effective Information Technology Management within MSCC while sufficiently anticipating challenges and their solutions to guarantee business continuity and employees’ productivity. During the 1900, Midsouth focused on transportation systems and legislative decisions caused many communities to lack access to reliable transportation, halting the economic and business development. However, by 1930s, the charter included additional issues, thus transforming into an aggressive commercial advocacy firm by 1990s. These changes were accompanied by company growth in terms of human resources and profitability changed by 2000 to reflect a downfall in the annual budget by $250,000 and a membership of about 2,300. The main contributors included the internet bubble, loss of regional manufactures, and the economic downtime back then. Although, MSCC did not lose its position as a powerful business advocacy firm in 2000, the company’s management experienced the challenge of inability to fund annual operational business in line with the company’s aggressive growth. Lassiter, the Vice President in 2000 experienced a serious dilemma of staff and program retrenchment for an effective sales and marketing team, thus translating into less aggressively grown revenue in the firm. As an information Technology professional, Lassiter proactively sought for the solutions to the IS challenges that included misaligned marketing and sales support functions, restricted capacity of the current information system, and the arising concerns over security given that each staff member lacked access to data required for the operation of MSCC activities for sales and marketing. At MSCC, information technology is

Accounting Audit: Case Study

Accounting Audit: Case Study The inventory valuation is done on cost basis, while the NRV (Net realizable value) is 10% below the cost. As per the accounting standards in Australia governed by the AASB, the inventory valuation is done based on the basis of lower of cost or realizable value, whichever is lower, which is as per the guidelines laid down under the provisions of AASB 102. However, since the cost is of higher value in comparison to the realizable value, the system followed here reflects the inventory at higher value, which is not the fair value of inventory and contravenes AASB 102. This is the just and fair opinion of independent auditor. In view of this, the audit opinion expressed is fully justified. The inventory should reflect the fair value of the inventory and the cost basis does not reflect the fair value of the inventory as per acceptable accounting principles. Hence the system of accounting followed should be subjected to fair audit, and corrective measures should be taken for rectification. Further, the opinion expressed by the auditor should be an adverse opinion, since the accounting systems and practices followed by the company contravenes the principles and concepts of accounting and the provisions as per AASB and the Corporations Act, 2001 given the materiality of the information and facts reported by the company and the fairness in the reporting of the financial statements. The client has entered into a real estate contract of purchasing some property and developing shopping complex, and further selling the same to an unrelated third party at a profit-based (cost-plus) basis of settlement price. As the real estate markets fell and the rates had dropped, the purchaser sued the client on the basis that as he relied on markets and rates forecasted by the client, he was not getting the forecasted prices in the market because of recessionary conditions in the market. In view of the uncontrollable market conditions resulted due to no fault of the client, the auditor opined that the client need not pay any damages as he is not liable for any loss due to uncontrollable factors in the market over which client has no control. In view of this, the opinion of the auditor is just and fair. Moreover, when the transaction that has taken place between the purchaser and the client, the client is supposed to have information about the risks such transactions are exposed to. The market risk is covered under AASB7, which deals with the various risks arising under financial transactions. In view of the above, the auditors opinion with regard to client liability for loss is fair and fully justified. However, sensitivity analysis has to be conducted with respect to the variable parameters and the methods followed for the sensitivity analysis. The impact of the price analysis or forecasting is studied on the basis of the changes in these variables. In this case, as the client is not part of the final transaction pertaining to the sale after the completion of the deal, the client and its management is not liable. The entire risk in this case is to be borne by the purchaser himself who has to bear the entire market risk. Market risks are not part of any deal between parties. Hence, the auditors opinion that the client is not liable for the damages legally is fair and correct. Moreover, since there is always the probability of (market) risk involved due to price fluctuations, it is the presence of market forces which could have gone either way. The probability of loss to the client in the event of the markets falling could not be underestimated. Hence, the opinion here of the auditor should be a disclaimer opinion (a category of Qualified opinion) since the best forecast of the estimates could go wrong and hit either side and the auditor could not be held liable for the estimation or forecasting based on market factors (external), given the information and facts available to the auditor for forming an opinion about the companys accounting policy. (iii) In this case, there is a small NFP or Not-for-profit organization, which can be characterized by a high % (completion) of total revenue and, in such a organizational framework, the internal control degree is low. In view of this, the % completeness of revenues and the risks associated with auditing are also high. Larger the size of the NFP organization, lower the completion % of total revenue and better control over internal control and in turn, lower the risks associated with As the degree of internal controls is low, the auditors assertion of poor audit evidence and lack of control over the revenue completeness is correct and fair. Hence, the opinion issued by the auditor is one of disclaimer type in view of the limited scope or horizon and the limitations of the auditor in terms of the audit evidence provided or made available to the auditor to give the fair and independent opinion and the materiality of the information given. So there is a limitation of scope of the auditors examination. (iv) The company is follows the accounting policy of not disclosing the directors fees in its financial reports. Since the disclosure of directors fees is mandatory as per Corporations Act, 2001, (Australian corporation and securities legislation, 2001), the assertion and opinion of the auditor with regard to the materiality or otherwise of the fees does not hold well. The Materiality arises when it affects (i) decision making with regard to resource allocation (ii) accountability of management. The point of materiality is covered under AASB 1031 of the Australian Accounting Standards Board. Since as per the Govt. of Australias guidelines issued with respect to disclosure of directors fees is mandatory, non-compliance with the same or non-disclosure may lead to penalties for non-compliance on the part of the management and the auditors of the violating company. Hence, in view of contravention and non-compliance with the acceptable financial reporting policies, the auditor needs to give a qualified report. (v) The management of the company estimates the provision for bad debts at $550000. The audit arrives at the fair and reasonable estimate at 655000. The management of the company has refused to accept the figures of estimated given by the company for it would reduce the ne profit to the extent of $105000. Bad and doubtful debts are classified into recoverable and irrecoverable debts. Under the accounting norms for bad debts as per the Corporations Act, 2001, the irrecoverable debts are written off. The recoverable debts are those which are likely to be recovered and provision in respect of which is make in the financial statements of the year. Provision for Doubtful debts is under Section 237 of the Corporations Act, 2001 and AASB 124. In the Income Statement, the provision for doubtful debts is shown as a loss, while in the Balance Sheet, the provision is reduced from the Trade debtors as Net Debtors and is shown under current liability on its own (Current liabilities and provisions). A udit of accounting estimation follows the procedure collection of audit evidence, ascertaining and assessing the reasonability or otherwise of the accounting estimates, revising and renewing the estimates, and reviewing the subsequent events. As the materiality factor is involved in the accounting for the estimated figure of provision for doubtful debts, the report would not give a fair view of the financial report for the period and hence the auditor should give an adverse report indicating that the accounts do not reflect fairness in its state of affairs and financial position. (vi) In the case, the company has cash balances maintained in a foreign bank account situated in a foreign country or location. In this case, since there is no substantial audit evidence to enable the auditor to form an unbiased, independent opinion, the auditor can only give a subjective, qualified (limited scope) opinion on the reasonable grounds of his best professional expert judgment and experience, which may even be based on reasonable assumptions born out of facts available. Since the materiality figure is given, and the cash balance in the foreign account is just close to that figure, quantitative figures of materiality in the case do not hold good. Hence, the classification by the auditor of the entire cash balance held in the foreign account in the foreign location as current asset (asset required to meet short term obligation) is fully justified and the opinion given by him would be classified as disclaimer opinion, since the opinion does only reflect the best under the given circumstances and the facts. PART- B Introduction The auditor gives opinion of three types, in case of audit reports, namely, adverse, disclaimer, and qualified opinion in respect of the companys accounting norms, procedure and systems. Further, the audit of accounting estimates of the companys accounting procedure and practices would be generating modified, unqualified and qualified audit reports Executive Summary Under this report, we shall locate three annual reports from the appropriate sources mentioned in respect of three Australian companies listed in the ASX (Australian Stock Exchange) and also available in the CQU website. In these audited reports, the auditors opinions qualified opinions, unqualified opinions, and modified opinion with a Matter of emphasis as expressed by the auditors in these reports are shown. The detailed opinions are written in respect of the three companies annual reports considered for reporting on the Audit analysis of the financial reports of companies. Finally, conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of these reports. Report Now let us discuss the various opinions expressed by the auditors in respect of the three annual reports of the companies (Refer Appendix) as under: QUALIFIED OPINION: A Qualified opinion may be issued where there is a disagreement with management concerning appropriate accounting policies, a conflict between applicable financial reporting frameworks, or a limitation on the scope of the audit. A Qualified opinion can be used only when the auditor believes that the overall financial report is fairly satisfied. (Arens, at.al, 2010) I have found the following company with the Qualified Audit opinion. Gerard Lighting Group Ltd: Gerard Lighting is a listed Australian Company in the power sector. As it is the major company in its product line, I have taken this company as an assignment subject so that the companys accounting policies and practices, a strong company in the infrastructure sector can be thoroughly studied and reviewed. The annual report of the company for Year ended 2009 has been studied and the features of its auditors report are as under: Audit of its accounting estimates of expenses (Fielder, 2010) incurred during the period. Evaluation and assessment of efficiency and adequacy of its processes and controls Independence of the external auditor has been certified and ensured despite the auditor being engaged in the non-audit professional activities A review of the directors forecast (historical), historical pro-forma financial statements and best estimates assumptions, based on external factors (judgmental and subjective) beyond ones control and scope, has been carried by the auditors, which is done as per the audit evidence and financial data available to the auditors which is insufficient for the purpose of audit, hence the auditors clearly state that this is just a review of the management activities and forecasting based on its core performance factors, not a complete full-fledged audit. Hence there is no opinion made by the auditors on the audit report in view of insufficient audit evidence with the auditor as per information provided by the company for the purpose of audit which indicates that the auditor does not undertake any responsibility and the auditors opinion is known as disclaimer opinion, (Arens, et. al, 2010) a classification of qualified opinion, having insufficient audit evidence to form unbiased, clear opini on. The independent external auditor KPMG of Gerard Lighting Group Ltd has expressed their satisfaction over the financial report prepared and presented by the board of directors. The auditors have assessed and verified the statement of comprehensive income of the group, change in equity and statement of cash flow on date of year ending as well as the summary of all the significant accounting policies that has been followed by the company and the notes presented by the company. The auditors have found that the board of directors has discharged their duties in fair way. They have ensured that company follows the appropriate policies. As an overall view of the auditor this report is true, fair and free from any material misstatement. UNQUALIFIED OPINION: An Unqualified opinion is the most common type of auditors report. An unqualified opinion is issued when the independent auditor believes that the companys financial statements are sound; that is, the statements are free from material misstatements. This is different from a qualified opinion which is issued when the independent auditor discover something in the financial statements that is subject to major concern. Harvey Norman Holdings This is a leading Australian listed company in the product segments integrated retail, banking and franchise. As a company based on very sound policies, principles and practices, we have considered it for the study. The annual report of the company for the Year ended 2009 have been studied. The features of its annual report are as under: The audit of the financial position for the year has been made as per the audit procedure and carried in terms of provisions laid down under the Corporations Act, 2010 (Australian corporation and securities legislation, 2001)and the Australian Accounting Standards Board. The independence of the auditor being certified and ensured despite the auditor engaged in non-audit professional activities. The compliance with the standards and opinion about the fairness of the financial position by the auditor. Given the sufficiency of audit evidence and financial information, the audit carried represents a full and fair position of the financial standing of the company, in the opinion of the auditor with regard to the auditors report. This is an unqualified report expressed with regard to the unbiased independent opinion of the auditor on the financial position of the company. Finally, the auditor gives an unconditional, unqualified opinion based on data made available for forming an independent opinion and has classified the reports as unqualified reports The Independent auditor Ernst and Young of Harvey Norman Holdings have found that the financial report for the year ending 30 June 2009 has been satisfactory under various rules and have expressed an unqualified opinion on the report. The auditors have found enough audit evidences from various judgments and procedures that the financial report prepared and presented by the management is true. As a whole the auditors has expressed their opinion that this financial report is true, fair and free from any material misstatements and has been prepared by complying with all the relevant rules and laws of land. MODIFIED OPINION: An Unqualified audit report with an emphasis of matter is appropriate for an audit with satisfactory results and a financial report that is fairly presented, but where the auditor is required to provide additional information (Arens, et. al, 2010) The company with Modified opinion with an emphasis of matter AXA Asia Pacific holdings: This is a major listed Australian company in the financial (insurance) sector and is considered for the purpose of the study due to its key market position and sound financial practices. The annual report of the company for Year ended 2009 has been studied and following are the features of its auditors report are: Audit of its accounting systems and procedures. Evaluation and assessment of sufficiency of audit evidence. Independence (Roebuuck Martinov-Bennie, 2010) of the external auditor has been certified and ensured despite the auditor being engaged in the non-audit professional activities. The auditor has expresses an unqualified report on the financial position and expressed compliance with the AASB1039 (Australian accounting standards board). (Audit of Accounting estimates issued by AARF on behalf of ASCPA ICAA AUS516, 1995) Materiality (Pflugrath, 2010) with regard to the facts and figures presented has been checked and ascertained by the auditor and their conformance with the Australian accounting standards has been ensured. The forecast data based on judgmental assumptions and the subjective decisions made by directors of the company have not been reviewed or subjected to any kind of review. Hence, this is an aspect of a modified opinion with matter of emphasis. Considering the adequacy of sufficient information for giving true position of the financial state of affairs of the company, unqualified opinion has been given in the auditors report. The auditor Price Waterhouse Cooper has expressed their satisfaction over the independence of the external auditors and the financial reports of the AXA Asia Pacific prepared by the management under the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian accounting Standards as well as International Financial Reporting Standards. The auditors has found enough auditing evidences those indicates that this financial report of AXA Asia Pacific is true and has been complied with all the ethical and regulatory norms stated under Corporation Act 2001, Australian Accounting Standards while preparing financial reports. The auditors have said that this report is free from any material misstatement. On overall basis the auditors have found the financial report true, fair and free of any material misstatement and has complied all the rules and laws that governs and are relevant for a corporation having business in Australia (Annual Report, 2009 AXA Asia Pacific Holdings Limited). Conclusions We have studied a report based on the audit opinions expressed by the auditors regarding the accounting records based on the sufficiency of the audit evidence supplied and the audit plans carried out by the auditor. In all the cases, to the extent of the information supplied, they (auditors) have made independent opinions with regard to compliance with the Accounting standards of Australia (AASB) and compliance with the Corporations Act, 2001 and have qualified their opinions to the extent of the forecast and best estimates made by the management based on their subjective judgment and perception and also made opinions with regard to the fairness of these financial reports. From the analysis and review of the above companies, we can draw the following brief inferences with regard to Qualified, Unqualified, and Modified reports: GLG Qualified opinion HRH Unqualified opinion AAPH- Modified opinion with matter of emphasis.

the old man and the sea Essay -- essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the timeless novel The Old Man and the Sea, the hero is undoubtedly the old man, Santiago, whom us as readers become very acquainted with. Santiago is a hard-worker and perseveres through every problem nature brings to him. He is in the midst of a horrendous fishing drought, during which the townspeople laugh and ridicule him. Santiago just lets the criticism pass him by because he is confident that the fish of his lifetime is coming soon. In a sense, Santiago represents the ideas of honor and pride. He is also a hero to a young boy named Manolin who conveys the image that the old man is whom he would rather live and spend time with rather than his biological father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Santiago has many noteworthy character traits. He possesses a very strong sense of pride that will not allow him to give up on fishing even after eighty-four days without a single fish. He is also virtuous in that no matter what happens to him, he will not make up excuses or false accounts in an attempt to cover up his bad luck. He is also very unselfish for the reason that he never looks down on the boy or treats him unfairly. Everything they accomplish together, Manolin is given credit for, which I found unusual because more often than not, old men will try to hoard their achievements to try and hold on to their glory days. Instead, Santiago is trying to...

Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles

Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles *Note: All claims are assumptions based off of textual clues and are not to be understood as fact but to be recognized as potential truths. The roles of men and women in Ancient Greek civilization can never be fully understood since no one alive today existed during their era. That being said, analysis of texts written by Ancient Greek authors provides us with insight into how their culture viewed both genders. It is through these texts that scholars can identify customary actions of single and married couples.Questions such as: should women save themselves for marriage, Are men the providers, And were women expected to be subservient in a patriarchal society can all be answered through textual understanding. As we prepare to dive into ancient texts and learn about the Greek culture of old, one must understand the importance of utilizing multiple authors. Without calling upon a variety of texts, a credible and thorough theory on how Ancient Gree k individuals acted cannot be erected.For the purposes of this analysis the authors Euripides, Aeschylus, and Homer will be employed with the prospect of further understanding Ancient Greek gender and marital roles. Taking into account the differences among these texts in authorship and date, we will burden three main tasks: identify what makes a good husband and good wife, discern if and why one role receives more attention than the other, and conclude what ancient Greek social norms may have been from the way these texts depict marital relationships. Euripides’, Hippolytus, provides a sturdy backbone for understanding how Ancient Greek civilization viewed gender roles.Before reading a text it is important not to have a narrow scope. This means that one should not only focus on the perceived main character, but rather consider how every character may depict an aspect of the then current culture. Despite being titled Hippolytus, it is crucial not to only concentrate on the ch aracter Hippolytus. In fact, there may be just as much if not more to be learned from Phaedra. Phaedra, being the stepmother of Hippolytus, supplies a situation where her actions toward Hippolytus can be used in understanding the expected actions of married females toward single males. After Phaedra earns that her nurse has disclosed the sensitive information about her romantic feelings for Hippolytus to him and that he has rejected her she takes her own life out of shame. However, she leaves a note for her husband – Hippolytus’ father – Theseus, claiming that his son has raped her. This action reveals that perhaps it was not uncommon for women to take their lives after being sexually violated. With that in mind, it may be inferred that sexual purity was expected of women, that once a woman has been tainted by a male who was not her partner she loses her respect, honor, and desirability.In addition, Theseus’ reaction allows us to see even further into gen der relationships and societal norms. Theseus takes the offensive against Hippolytus, cursing him and subsequently causing his death. Nevertheless, instead of coming to the hasty conclusion that Theseus is emotionally volatile and lacking the ability to understand, it is pertinent that one stops and asks: â€Å"Why may he have acted this way? † For where most mistakes are made in textual analysis is through hasty generalizations based on current era norms.Indeed, in todays world Theseus’ reaction would lead to his imprisonment and mandatory meetings with a psychiatrist but this was not always so. In Ancient Greece honor was critical and helped in determining social status. Euripides lived during the end of the Persian Wars and much like the notorious Spartans, the Athenians considered honor for themselves and their family to be of the utmost importance. With this in mind we will take another look at Theseus’ reaction and how it provides insight into Ancient Gree k culture.It is possible that Theseus reaction would have been of the norm during his time. It was most likely seen as dishonorable to commit suicide as well as to lie; therefore, Theseus would not dare question the claims made by his wife. Theseus was trying to protect his honor as well as that of his family by taking action against he who had supposedly raped his wife. Society may have expected him to avenge Phaedra’s death. This shows that a married couple was a strong unit, that each must have trust in each other; it was not their duty to question the word of their partner.Bearing everything in mind it can be deduced that a good husband is one who protects his family and a good wife one who is loyal, even if it means taking their own life. Nevertheless, the male gender role stresses honor over family. Moreover, when honor and family conflict, family loses – hence the death of Hippolytus. Euripides portrayal of Hippolytus assists in depicting how men were expected t o act in society. Hippolytus serves as a paradigm for a man who does not meet the standards of the societal norm. We are able to identify that Hippolytus is not a normal Athenian male because the goddess Aphrodite punishes him for his actions.He is a boy who has not yet become a man; he shows that it was not acceptable for males in Ancient society to resist maturity. His wish to remain abstinent, or more so his lack of sexual desire is common among the youth but not a matured male. Aphrodite is used to receiving praise and worship from the male population and because Hippolytus does not worship her – but instead the virgin goddess Artemis – she chooses to punish him. His punishment allows us to infer that all men were required to seek out a woman when they reached the age of maturity.Those who did not most likely brought shame to themselves and their family. Moreover, it can be seen through the emphasis on family, and sexual desire that procreation was not so much a ch oice as it is today but an obligation and duty of each and every able-bodied male. Ultimately, Euripides’ Hippolytus sheds a lot of light on social norms regarding gender roles. During the time period in Ancient Greece while Euripides was alive – estimated between 484 – 407 B. C. E. (Before Current Era) – the prevalence of honor was paramount, effecting the actions and choices made by both males and females.It was the duty of the male to protect and maintain honor for his family by taking action against those who threaten or harm the fortitude of his family. But first it is his societal obligation to wed a woman and create a family. On the other hand women are important members of society, their word bears weight in discussion and decision, it is their duty to love and protect their family as well as to maintain honor for themselves by being loyal companions even if it means taking their own life. Although the assumptions made off of textual clues in Hipp olytus appear valid, it is still important to consider other ancient texts.The Odyssey by Homer is another text that provides clues toward how Ancient Greek civilization regarded gender and marital roles. There appears to be an undisputable amount of evidence supporting that there was a double standard between men and women on how they should act toward the opposite sex. Odysseus engages in sexual activities with a large amount of women on his journey home to Ithaca. Whereas despite not having not seen her husband for twenty years Penelope remains loyal even though she has a crowd of suitors desiring her bed.Odysseus’ behavior leads to the belief that it was acceptable for Greek males to cheat on their wives. However, there is not enough evidence that supports that his behavior was acceptable. Additionally his circumstances were not of the norm so it is unfair to say that Odysseus’ behavior corresponded with that of the average Greek male. The important part of Odysseu s and Penelope’s relationship that does speak to the social norms of society is the devotion held toward one another. Penelope’s decision to remain loyal to her husband even after twenty years of absence says a lot about Greek women.It can be inferred that marriage was a huge deal and loyalty an even bigger one. If Penelope had chosen another suitor before knowing if Odysseus was dead or not then she could have potentially brought dishonor to herself and her family. The importance of loyalty and marriage is stressed by Penelope’s actions. Additionally, she shows that to be a good wife is to be a committed wife. In comparison, although Odysseus is not loyal like Penelope, he shows that it is the duty of a husband to make it home to his wife and to always put family first.The fact that Odysseus wants more than anything to return home and see his wife – so badly that he even gives up his potential life with Calypso – supports that commitment to oneâ⠂¬â„¢s family is the most important duty of a Greek male. When Odysseus does return home and finds that suitors have overrun his house he takes action and eliminates all of them. Although it may be argued that a couple of the suitors were genuine, decent people and should not have been killed, his decision to kill all of them attests to the duties of a good husband.The suitors entering his home without verification of his death was a strike at his honor. It is from his decision to eliminate all of the suitors that we can learn about how Ancient Greek society viewed the male gender role. Men were expected to be strong and to protect the honor of their home, to enter discussion over who was the most in the wrong displayed weakness. In order for a man to reclaim his good name he must do away with any and all threats. This notion toward the expectations for Ancient Greek male gender roles is further supported by the actions of Odysseus’ son Telemachus.Telemachus had never met his father but still decided to set out on an expedition to find him. The fact that Telemachus had never met Odysseus when he decided to risk his life to find him validates the importance of family. Clearly common ethics in Ancient Greek civilization endorsed family over everything. A son was expected to fight for his family no matter how close his relationship with the rest of his family may be. Normal male gender roles were to maintain honor and protect one’s family.Homer’s The Odyssey and Euripides Hippolytus both share common characteristics in their insight into Ancient Greek marital and social gender roles. The overwhelming aspect of both texts that appears to be the focal point of Ancient Greek culture is family commitment. All clues point toward both marital roles to be to preserve and protect the honor of one’s family as well as the importance of having one. The assumption can be made that in order to be a good wife she must be loyal and honest, whereas to be a good husband he must also be devoted, putting his loved ones before himself and honor above all else.There does not appear to be one gender that receives more attention, supporting that both genders played a vital role in ancient culture. In contrast with the previous two texts, Aeschylus’ Oresteia: Agamemnon offers a different approach in addressing Ancient Greek cultural norms relating to marital and gender roles. While Agamemnon is gone for ten years at the Trojan war his wife Clytemnestra conspires against him with her lover Aegisthus. To be fair, Agamemnon had sacrificed their daughter in order to have the wind be on his side.Before we continue let us analyze how this depicts Ancient Greek marital roles. The relationship between Agamemnon and Clytemnestra is incredibly strained after he sacrifices their daughter Iphigenia. However, if emotions are withheld it can be seen that perhaps Agamemnon’s marital and gender role supported his decision. As was seen wit h the death of Hippolytus, stemming from Theseus’ duty to uphold his principles, it can be inferred that the requirement for a male to preserve his honor comes before family.Although taking a different approach, Oresteia: Agamemnon, has the same main principles regarding marital roles. Except this text allows us to see what happens when roles compete. As the story progresses more insight is provided into how marital roles are affected when one takes precedence over another. When Agamemnon returns home he brings with him a new woman, Cassandra. After arguing with his wife about not wanting to display excess hubris by walking on the purple carpet their time together becomes very strained. Shortly after his return Clytemnestra murders Agamemnon and Cassandra.Her catharsis is complete after committing these murders and uses the sacrifice of Iphigenia as justification for her actions. Both the love affair of Clytemnestra with Aegisthus and Agamemnon with Cassandra hint that perhap s there were a little bit more public scandalous acts that took place in Ancient Greece than the other two texts let on. We have learned that in order to be a good wife she must protect her family and be loyal to her husband. The text written by Aeschylus explicitly proves that when a wife must choose between loyalty to her husband and protection of her family she will choose her family.Regardless of the obvious differences between this text and the two priors they all three present Ancient Greek gender and marital roles to be comprised of the same basic principles. That being said, all three illuminate a new characteristic. After analyzing all the texts it can be assumed that Greek culture revolved around family, loyalty, and honor. A good wife is a woman who puts her family first and remains loyal to her husband no matter what the circumstances. Likewise a good husband defends the honor of himself whilst remaining devoted to his family.Nonetheless, after further analysis it can be argued that social norms for marital roles did not always go hand in hand with what a â€Å"good† husband or wife should do. This is because certain roles are emphasized more than others. When a wife chooses her children over her husband or a man defends his honor at the consequence of his family he or she can no long fit into the paradigm for a â€Å"good† husband or wife. In another text written by Euripides, Medea, the view into the past is much different than that of Hippolytus or any of the other texts.That being said, it is crucial to analyze the new perspective in order to formulate an educated theory on what Ancient Greek marital roles used to be. Jason and Medea are married with children when Jason chooses to suddenly leave to marry the daughter of the king of Corinth. Euripides is insinuating that in some instances male gender roles overpower their marital roles. As a Greek man it is his duty to gain honor and status as well as to create a family. However, a s a Greek husband it is his duty to be devoted to his family and to never leave them.From this text we can infer that the desire of a man to achieve honor and status can lead some men to abandon their families. The prospect of one day being king is too much for Jason, he leaves and forgoes his marital roles. His choice to relieve himself of his duties as a husband infers that not all men in Ancient Greece were morally sound, taking a very loose interpretation of the word â€Å"honor. † Additionally, Medea involves herself in some actions that go against what would be considered socially preferable. Medea is distraught and angry after Jason abandons her and the children.She takes action by plotting to hurt Jason the way that he hurt her. Medea gives Jason’s new wife a poisoned robe that burns her flesh off and murders her own two children in hopes to harm Jason. By murdering both Jason’s wife and her children she is exhibiting revenge with the only intention of b enefiting herself. This act infers that there were many citizens of Ancient Greece who did not regard the normal social roles. Unlike Agamemnon who sacrificed his daughter to fulfill one of his societal roles, Medea acts completely outside of the norm by murdering her children in cold blood.Euripides may potentially be trying to express that there are always going to be individuals that act radically opposite to what is at the time considered normal. A distinction that must be recognized is that between gender roles and marital roles with the understanding that they sometimes overlap. It seems as if more attention is placed on gender roles than marital roles. For instance, Odysseus chooses to cheat on his wife, Agamemnon sacrifices his daughter, Clytemnestra murders her husband, and Jason deserts his family.After analyzing all of the texts we can finally make an educated decision on what marital and gender roles were like in Ancient Greece. It appears that Ancient Greek society had determined roles for both men and women and they were meant to be adamantly revered. A good husband was considered to be a man who was devoted to his family and defended the honor of himself and his home. He recognized that there is no honor in hurting loved ones, no matter what the outcome. Additionally, a good wife was a woman who was completely loyal to her husband and her family, protecting them by whatever means necessary.However, thorough analysis reveals that there were often times people who went against what would be deemed â€Å"good† because they made a choice when roles conflicted that ensued a consequence for a loved one to bear. And finally there were those who went against the grain completely. Overall, Ancient Greek social norms involved family at the center and devotion from every member to each other. The reason there is such a strong emphasis placed on understanding, documenting, and analyzing history is because it is through historical analysis that schola rs can infer as to how modern-day culture came to be.It is through investigation of historical texts and other mediums of recording history that allows us to track the progression of people and their roles in society. In the current era people are still learning more about how past societies operated and what led to their development. From Homer to Hemmingway there is always more that can be learned through textual analysis, whether it be a historical primary source or not. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Struck, Peter T. â€Å"ClSt 200 – Greek Tragedy. † ClSt 200 – Greek Tragedy. N. p. , 2000. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. .

Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence Essay

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of the United States, explains to his readers why the colonies chose to abolish Great Britain’s government. His goal is to inform the readers that the government has certain responsibilities to the governed and that the British failed to adhere to its responsibilities to its colonists. His second goal is to justify their actions by explaining why it was not considered treason. By establishing his credibility and appealing to ethos, pathos and logos, Jefferson successfully wrote an informative, impactful, and inspirational document. In order for Jefferson to earn his readers’ support, he needs to establish his credibility. He does so by stating that â€Å"it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands† and â€Å"a decent respect to the opinions of mankind.† By acknowledging his needs of explaining to his educated readers the reasons for the coloniesâ€℠¢ actions, he shows them that he is an intelligent man of good character and good intentions. In the second paragraph, Jefferson stated â€Å"Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to emphasize that he is cautious and reasonable. Before listing the grievances, he stated â€Å"let Facts be submitted to a candid world.† He wishes to share them to an honest and sincere world to establish a common ground with the audience. After listing the grievances, he guaranteed the readers of the colonists’ honest efforts to fix the conflict without having to separate by asserting â€Å"We have petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only repeated injury.† He continues by affirming that the colonists have tried to appeal to the King and â€Å"our British brethren.† His usage of the word â€Å"brethren† shows that he is humble, respectful, and good willed. He concludes the declaration with an honorable avowal which states that the representatives of the United States of America are willing to pledge â€Å"our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor† for the principles spoken in the declaration. In Jefferson’s declaration, both the organization and the use of logic are effective and adequate. He begins with the colonistsâ €™Â  fundamental beliefs that â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights.† He addresses that the role of the government is to secure and protect the rights of the people. As he proceeds, he states that if the government fails to â€Å"secure these rights,† then â€Å"it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and institute new Government.† Jefferson then creates a list of ways in which the British government has violated and stripped the colonists of their rights. Through the inductive proof, he explains the reason in which the colonists must become independent from Britain to gain freedom and to be treated fairly. The list of grievances strongly appeals to his audience’s emotions. Jefferson utilizes a powerful, emotional diction to implement the colonists’ sentiments toward the King’s character into his writing. He uses certain words such as tyrants, invasions, murders, abdicated, death, desolation, cruelty, barbarous, and destruction. These words make the audience establish a sympathetic feeling towards the colonists and that the King is â€Å"totally unworthy [to be] the Head of a civilized nation† and â€Å"unfit to be the ruler of a free people.† Jefferson emphatically proves the injustice and brutality of the King and Parliament. Based on the Declaration of Independence, Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolution to express freedom to the American public for equality with men under the law, in education and employment. Stanton explains to her readers why depriving women from their rights is unconstitutional and unjust. Her first goal is to convince the men and women of the United States in the support of women’s rights movement. . Her second goal is to demand the rights of women as right-bearing individuals be recognized and respected by society. By utilizing logical argument, establishing her credibility and appealing to the audience’s emotions, Stanton is able to convey a sense of endorsement. Stanton modeled her declaration with the Declaration of Independence to illustrate that her list of logical arguments are simple and clear. She states that â€Å"we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to address that every human being is created with the same qualities; thus, women should not be treated differently. She understands that her audience knows the â€Å"inalienable rights† that the  government must protect and secure. Believing in this belief, Stanton wants the audience to question why women are not awarded with rights when both sexes are claimed to have been given by the Creator. Her references to religion effectively force the audience to believe that the laws created by the government displease God and his law of equality. Stanton proceeds to list the grievances that women experienced in the United States. Her use of diction and syntax evoke certain emotions out of the audience. Similar to the Declarati on of Independence, Stanton uses repetition in her list to emphasize and impact the audience emotionally. In the list, Stanton states that â€Å"he has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments†¦she receives but a scanty remuneration.† This is one of the oppression that effectively appeals to the audience’s emotion. She wants her readers to feel sympathy over what it is like to work tirelessly for long hours to not being able to keep the money. Stanton uses powerful languages such as â€Å"civilly dead† and â€Å"long train of abuses and usurpations† to persuade the audience to see her point and join the movement. For Stanton’s argument to work, she has to earn her readers’ trust. She knows that most of the women will support her demands; however, she especially needs to gain the support from men for the argument to be more effective. She establishes credibility by utilizing similar words from the Declaration of Independence to demonstrate that she is intelligent. In the last paragraph, she states â€Å"we insist that they have imme diate admission to all the rights and privileges†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to show that she is humble and courteous. She is not asking to take anything from men, but rather she is simply insisting that women get the same rights as men. Both drafts consist of definite logical arguments, well-organized ethical and powerful emotional appeals. Thomas Jefferson and Elizabeth Cady Stanton successfully utilize a wide range of elements to draw the audience and convince them to support their cause. Their passion and determination to gain freedom while experiencing the obstacle of unequal rights were strongly expressed in their writings. Although rhetoric is used by many to create a negative connotation, authors utilize rhetorical strategies to achieve their purpose of persuading or informing an argument. Thomas Jefferson was able to eloquently draft an inspirational and resounding declaration formed the basis for the American Revolution. His declaration became a significant role model for other countries and people who were experiencing similar conflicts  such as France and women. By implementing rhetorical devices, he was able to convince many Americans that independence, which they first apprehended as evil, was in truth a benediction.

Vegetable love Essays

Vegetable love Essays Vegetable love Essay Vegetable love Essay To His Coy Mistress is written in enjambment; this is when the end of the line is not punctuated but flows into the next examples of this are lines 3, 5, 6,7,21 etc. He uses enjambments because it helps to sub stain the argument because it is continuous. He also uses rhyming couplets for the pace and rhythm, this is done for built momentum- it builds the drive of the argument. He also uses definite rhyming couplets effectively to convey his inner feelings: My vegetable love should grow it Vaster that empires and more slow. This shows his love is expanding slowly and innocently over time for his mistress.He uses irregular sentence lengths to create a slower pace of time. Marvell tries to create more time. The poet uses strong stressed words to make them more powerful e.g.: Deserts of vast eternity. This personifies his feeling we see how emotion can grow naturally into something that is immense and powerful. Marvell also expresses the admiration of time running out when he illustrates Timehurrying near. It increases the feeling of anxiety because time is coming closer. In Marvels poem the sentences are very short in length and disjointed through the use of lots of punctuation. As a consequence, the poem seems very broken up and sharp which makes the reader read the poem at a much faster pace. In some ways this speed makes it more excitable which adds to the more lusty aspect of the poem.The mood is at first reckless and jokey it then moves on to being more reflective, serious and considering death. The poem closes with an attitude which is persuasive, pleading, discriminating and eventually triumphant. The first stanza has a fairly regular rhythm but is duller. The more regular, dynamic rhythm of the closing stanza gives us a sense of the poets energetic state of mind. The last line is arresting in that it contains less syllables than those above it. There is an overall regular rhyme scheme of aabbccdd apart from the half rhymes in the second stanza. The words Eternity and Virginity only half-rhyme. The effect of this is to link together in our mind these two ideas.The following words have an impact; He says And your quaint honour turn to dust, and into ashes all my lust, he is recalling the funeral ceremony ashes to ashes, dust to dust. He does not assault these virtues, he says that whatever they mean to her now, they will mean nothing when she is forgotten. In To His Coy Mistress he uses alliteration; long loves and private place. He also uses assonance; youthful hue.Unlike To His Coy Mistress, The Unequal Fetters differs enormously. To His Coy Mistress is a persuasive poem written to a female lover, whereas The Unequal Fetters is written as a warning to women. This poem gives a womens view of love and marriage. Her views are completely different to the ones of To His Coy Mistress in the way that she believes that the fetters between men and women are unequal. Anne Finch has written her poem in four clear verses rather than 3 stanzas. Although both poems start off in the same attitude of romance.In the first verse Anne Finch uses the image of the possibility of time standing still, she says Could we stop the time thats flying. Or recall it when tis past, this means that if time stood still then it would be worth loving. This is the nearly the same image conveyed in the first stanza in To His Coy Mistress about playing the waiting game and if time went on forever, but both poets know that time is quickly disappearing.Then Finch changes her attitude and goes on to say, But since we must lose those graces, which at first your hearts have won what she is trying to say here is that the person has changed since you won their heart and true love, the attraction that was there in the first place has now disappeared. Even though he has now changed her attitude in the poem it is not as sickening as the attitude in the second stanza of To His Coy Mistress. The third verse makes it clear about her feelings of the inequality and shows her anger towards men by writing, Free as Natures first intention was to make us, Ill be found, Nor by subtle Mans invention Yield to be in fetters bound.This means that when a female is born she is born free but then because of men fooling you into there sincere love and into marriage, women are trapped by men. The final verse of The Unequal Fetters she concludes that Marriage does but slightly tie men Whilst close prisoners we remain. She means that women are chained by marriage while men are free and can stretch At the full length of all their chain. The Unequal Fetters refers to the unequal lengths of chain men and women have.Her poem shows how wrongly men treat women just as in To His Coy Mistress. Anne Finch writes her poem in a frank manner whereas Andrew Marvell writes in a sick, perverted and threatening manner. The writer of To His Coy Mistress seems to be quite a selfish writer on the other hand the writer of The Unequal Fetters writes an honest version of her own true feelings. The Unequal Fetters is written in caesura with every other line rhyming which contrasts to To His Coy Mistress which is written in enjambment.

Different Kinds of Bacteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Different Kinds of Bacteria - Essay Example Despite the fact that it is normally hard to investigate in situ, important biological traits are characterized to these assemblages, encompassing co-operative behavior, defense against predators, competitive advantage, antibiotics, physical disturbance and immune system (Sutherland 2001b). These assemblages vary from the hugely random aggregation of bacteria developing on surfaces, in semi-solid surroundings or in limited volumes, to complicated structures integrating considerable amount of extracellular medium material. This latter kind of assemblages symbolizes biofilms in strio senso, and the existence of structural matrix material issues biofilms with a unified physical identity that may be lacking both in a settlements and in glop (Davey & O'Toole 2000). It is evident that the physical resilience of biofilms is the outcome of multiple interactions between matrix elements (usually exopolysacharides, EPS), bacterial surface additios (flagella, fimbriae and aggreagation concepts) and coverings (lipopolysacharide, LPS) and the surface settled by the bacteria. In the case of the biofims generated by salmonella typhimurium enteritidis rdar mutants, and the pseudomonas fluoresccens SBW25 wrinkly spreader, the expression of a cellulose matrix and a fimbrial-like attachment issues are the main elements adding to biofilm strength and integrity (Lappin-Scott et al. 1995). In each case, biofilms generate at their-liquid (A-L) interface and are substantially bigger and more robust than the archetypical submerged biofilm generated by several other bacteria, for instance, pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wrinkly spreader (WS) refers to a niche-specialist genotype that colonizes the A-L border of liquid cultures, developing an A-L biofilm, and develops badly in the liquid discourse (Donlan 2002). Background on Pseudomonas fluorescens It occurs by spontaneous mutation from the ancestral (smooth; SM), non-biofilm-forming P. fluorescens SBW25 strain, in spatially configured micr ocosms, and displays massive negative frequency-advantage is attributable to cooperation among personal WS cells: overproduction of attachment factors, whereas costly personal cells, outcomes in the interests of individuals aligning with those of the group and permits migration of the oxygen-replete A-L boundary. According to some research conducted concerning these genes needed for biofilm generation through P. fluorescens WS (using one specific WS isolate, PR1200, mini-Tn5 mutagenesis recognized two main loci – the wsp chemosensory operon programming the response regulator WspR, and the wss cellulose biosynthesis operon that encompasses genes engrossed in the partial acetylation of the cellulose matrix (Dunne 2002). WspR is needed for the expression of cellulose and a supposed curli or thin aggregate fimbriae (Tafi)-like attachment factor, both of which are needed for ordinary WS biofilm establishment and colony formation (Al-Tahhan, Sandrin, Bodour & Maier 2000). Moreover, the cellulose acetylation-defective mutant WS-18 (WS wssF; mini-Tn5) was discovered to generate weak biofilms. These discoveries propose that the physical incorporation of the WS biofilm outcomes from the mingles between cellulose fibres and attachment factor, and between attachment factor and the ramparts of the microcosm vial. This latter interaction is needed during the initial phase of biofilm establishment when bacteria attach in the meniscus area of the loquid to the glass vials (Gaspar, Marolda & Valvano 2000). Successive development out over the A-L interface outcomes in the characteristic WS biofilm. One of the prior recognized WS

Constantin Brancusis Work and its Reflection on Modern Art Essay

Constantin Brancusis Work and its Reflection on Modern Art - Essay Example Every person has a mind and a heart of his own. And what goes on in that heart of hearts is only shown or represented by art. Art of any kind can potentially do that job well. But for me, sculpturing is the spokesperson or the ambassador of human nature. Two sculptures of the same object that are made by two different people will be significantly different. This is because both of those people see differently. Their eye with which they see is different. Their mind with which they understand is different. Their heart with which they relate is different. And their hand with which they make is different. Therefore sculpturing for me is the way of expression and that inspires me. Constantin Brancusi is known as the pioneer or the leading figure of the modern movement. He was the one who practically gave birth to abstraction. He started as a woodcarver. And his journey from a craftsman in woodcarving to the art of sculpturing is a remarkable one. It speaks of the much-ignored fact that anything is possible and that it doesn’t matter where you begin. All that matters is that you know what you want. The right amount of passion and hard work can take you to places you could have never dreamt of going. This is what we learn from Constantin Brancusi’s life and that is what inspires me. The reason for my choosing this topic is exactly this too. Studying games design I have a great interest in this art of sculpting and this particular artist teaches me that a man can be an artist of any kind and genre as he wants. His life and work teach me that a man can be a jack of all trades and master of ONE. Brancusi revolutionized the art of sculpting. He eliminated all that wasn’t necessary and introduced all that WAS necessary but was being ignored previously. It is said that he learned the true purpose of art; a purpose different from the generally believed notion of representing different forms.