Essay about Pride and Prejudice - 767 Words

Elizabeth and Juliet both reject their parents’ choice of husband. How are strong feeling presented by the writers in these extracts? In Act 3 Scene 5 strong feelings are portrayed through out the scene. One example of this is at the start of the scene Juliet shows strong feelings of grief towards Romeo’s departure. â€Å"Yet let me weep for such a feeling loss.† This shows that she misses Romeo although he has only just left. The word ‘loss’ gives off the impressing Juliet feels she will never see Romeo again and that he is no longer hers. Another point in the scene her mood changes and she becomes very upset and angry at the fact her parents expect her to marry Paris. Juliet takes her mothers line – â€Å"The County Paris, at Saint Peter’s†¦show more content†¦Her maturity is made clear directly after her wedding night when she partakes in her first sexual experience. Another point in Juliet’s maturation is when she is willing to break away from The Nurse after she says â€Å"I think it best you married the County.† This shows The Nurse is quite selfish and doesn’t care for Juliet’s feelings or that she is already married to Romeo. The phrase â€Å"I think† emphasizes the fact she only cares about her opinion. Having a nurse is a mark of childhood; by abandoning her nurse and showing full loyalty towards her Romeo, Juliet shows full maturity and responsibility. In Pride and Prejudice When Mr Collins proposes to Elizabeth she shows complete defiance as she refuses in favour of waiting for someone who she actually loves. She tells him that to accept his proposals ‘is absolutely impossible’ as her ‘feelings in every respect forbid it’. Clearly she is not afraid to go against what her mother wants and what is expected of her in society. Her harsh language and use of the word ‘forbid’ emphasises the force of her rejection. Much like Juliet, Elizabeth shows strong feelings of love/attraction to someone whom her parent(s) are not aware of. Another strong feeling is how Mrs Bennett is always feeling sorry for herself and her nerves and becomes very self-centred. She is very selfish in the sense she only cares about her future and not her daughter’s happiness. The quote â€Å"†¦ and all of the others equally married, I shallShow MoreRelated Essay on Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice1535 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any literary work the title and introduction make at least some allusion to the important events of the novel. With Pride and Prejudice, Austen takes this convention to the extreme, designing all of the first and some of the second half of the novel after the title and the first sentence. The concepts of pride, prejudice, and universally acknowledged truth (51), as well as the interpretation of those concepts, are the central focus ofRead MorePride And Prejudice By Pride Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Pride Pride is the feeling of satisfaction when someone achieve something, someone close to you achieves something, or something somebody owns or has is admired by others. Being proud of yourself or someone else is not always bad. However, some believe pride is negative and can change how a person thinks and feels about certain things. It can be taken either way depending on who, why, and when it is. Many people have written articles and have done research to determine whether itRead More The roles of pride and prejudice in Pride and Prejudice1404 Words   |  6 PagesBecoming an immediate success in the contemporary novel public in early nineteenth century, Pride and Prejudice has proved to be the most popular of Jane Austens novels and remains a classic masterpiece two centuries later. The title itself describes the underlying theme of the book. Pride and prejudice, intimately related in the novel, serve as challenges to the cherished love story of Darcy and Elizabeth. It is interesti ng to see how these two nice people were blinded before realizing that theyRead MorePride and Prejudice1472 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth#8217;s Pride and Darcy#8217;s Prejudice? Jane Austen#8217;s Pride and Prejudice is a timeless social comedy which is both satirical and full of sentiment. The title refers to the personalities of the two main characters and cues the reader to Austen#8217;s broader thematic purpose: to satirize nineteenth century manners and morals, especially as they relate to courtship and manners. Although both characters contain both these traits, it is mainly Mr. Darcy who exemplifies #8216;pride#8217;Read More Pride and the Prejudice 1543 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The power of doing anything with quickness is always prized much by the possessor, and often without any attention to the imperfection of the performance.† (1) Said Mr Darcy. This is one of the worlds most popular novels, Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice has charmed readers since its publication of the story of the amusing Elizabeth Bennet and her relationship with the aristocrat Fitzwilliam Darcy. During this essay it will explore the construction of characters , in particular it will be ElizabethRead MorePride and Prejudice2105 Words   |  9 Pagesrelationship, although back then divorce was never thought of either, where as today it is not rare at all. In these marriages, money was the only consideration. Love was left out, with the thought that it would develop as the years went by. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen comments that marriage in her time is a financial contract, where love is strictly a matter of chance. This is clearly evident from the very first line of the novel. Charlotte Lucas states that happiness in marriage is entirelyRead MorePride and Prejudice1236 Words   |  5 PagesThe path to marriage initiates in the very first paragraph of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. This courtship novel begins with the premise that â€Å"a single man in possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife† (pg. 5) Throughout the competition for the single men, characters are naturally divided by the norms of their social standing. However, the use of social conventions and civility further divides them. The characters in need of the most moral reform remain unchanged, leaving a path forRead MorePride and Prejudice1906 Words   |  8 PagesPride and Prejudice tells a story of a young girl in the midst of a very materialistic society. Jane Austen uses the setting to dramatize the restraints women had to endure in society. As the novel develops, we see how women have to act in a way according to their gender, social class, and family lineage. Elizabeth Bennet’s sisters represent the proper societal lady while Lizzy is the rebel. Through her characters Austen shows how a women’s happiness came second to the comfort of wealth. As the plotRead MoreIrony in Pride and Prejudice995 Words   |  4 PagesIrony in Pride and Prejudice Irony forms the alma mater of Jane Austen’s novels. Likewise, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† is steeped in irony of theme, situation, character, and narration. Austen uses it to establish the contrast between appearance and reality. As one examines â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, one discovers the ironic significance of how pride leads to prejudice and prejudice invites pride. Importantly, the novel elucidates how both â€Å"Pride† and â€Å"Prejudice† have their corresponding virtues bound upRead More Essay on the Irony of Pride in Pride and Prejudice1262 Words   |  6 Pagesof Pride in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane Austen uses the elements of both pride and prejudice to develop the satire in her novel. Austen presents pride as both a vice and a virtue. Austen first introduces pride as a vice of arrogance and prejudice, but as the characters in the novel develop so does the concept of pride. Towards the end of the novel pride becomes the vehicle for many of the noble actions taken by the main characters. Austen skillfully interweaves the two parts of pride, the

Representation of Race in Cinema - 1917 Words

Representation of Race in Cinema In this research paper, I have been asked to analyse the representation of race in the World, African or South African Cinema. Before I start, I would like to clear something regarding the task I have been asked to do, as I personally believe that we only have one race which is the human race, but regarding this tasks, I try to understand the word â€Å"race† as people of different background and culture including different languages. So only in this essay, I will be using words like â€Å"race†, â€Å"Black† man or person, â€Å"White† person and â€Å"Negro† to fulfil the task I have been asked to do. And I personally apologize for whom I may offend by these terms used in this essay. When I heard about this task, the first†¦show more content†¦No matter what happened, they would be often the first to blame. That mind-set is still existing in our society today, especially here in South Africa, for example people are more concerned when they take a plane that is been operated by a black pilot. And if something happens during the flight, the first person to blame would be the black pilot. Just like the general statement I came across saying â€Å"A Black person is a suspect everywhere†. I personally think, we as human beings need to change our mind-sets that it is only a black person’s fault, as with that attitude we create more division in our world which few of us trying to create as a more united world. What I find interesting regarding the making of this movie was that Ray Biddle (Richard Widmark) who played the brother of Johnny who died from his brain tumor, would during the takes of every scenes bombard Sidney Poitier with racist slurs verbally and physically and then after each take, he would apologize for how he mistreated Poitier. Later, they both became good friends. I would like to conclude this part with one of Sidney Poitier’s quotes saying: â€Å"I never had an occasion to question color, therefore, I only saw myself as what I was... a humanShow MoreRelatedStereotypes And Stereotypes Of African Americans Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have been represented in the media with harmful stereotypes which were founded in the slavery era (Cartier, 2014)(Carpenter, 2012). This negative representation invites bias from those who accept the images, the distortion of which is accentuated by both sexism and racism. Black women are the least represented group in cinema, making it easier to rely on stereotypes which encourage societal bias. From these stereotypes, like the Jezebel and Sapphire, stem the â€Å"real world† stereotypesRead MoreThe Representation Of Interracial Relationships1447 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships from all different cultures are welcomed. The mixing of races has been going on for hunherds of y ears and dates back to the unfortunate years of slavery. Where the mixing of white and black was a taboo, but still carried out by the white slave masters on their black maids/ slaves. In this essay I will be looking at the representation of interracial relationships and how these relationships have been portrayed in cinema from 1903 up until present. I will be discussing the how miscegenationRead MoreBlack Cinema965 Words   |  4 PagesWGST 300—BLACK CINEMA Option A: Select two or more films from this course and compare and/or contrast them, using one or more of the above criteria (shared themes, etc.). SUPERFLY and DUTCHMAN â€Å"Lights, camera, and action!!† A popular phrase noted throughout the film and cinematic industry, but to directors, actors, and viewers of African American or Black Cinema this famous phrase helped jumpstart a movement throughout the black culture. 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Before the audience can note the rise of black figures and standards in film. They must have recognition of the history of black cinema before its transition into the mainstream. Displays of black character roles and black culture fromRead MoreThe Theories Of Laura Mulvey And Bell Hooks888 Words   |  4 Pages The theories of Laura Mulvey and Bell Hooks share their views on how individuals who attend the cinema have the opportunity to gaze and interrupt the messages that are being portrayed. Based upon their views, spectators can have their own beliefs and views of life and not have to focus on societal practices of racism and sexism. The article â€Å"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema† critiqued by Mulvey, focused on how sexism and voyeurism were the main theme in terms of how males dominated societyRead MoreHistorical And Constituent Emotional State Of A Social System966 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, subjective laws have contended how individuals relate to each-other through the concept of race. Similarly, ever since its emergence in the early twentieth century, television has also been used to manifest such cultural and societal values. In return, Hollywood s dependence on â€Å"whitewashing† roles as a cross-racial/ethnic representation withholds the pow er to extraordinarily change viewer’s depiction of minority groups. Consequently, what follows is the important and constituentRead MoreGender Portrayal Of The Mammy And The Mulatto Child1712 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s evident that black performers in Hollywood cinema are customarily depicted as unpleasant based on the clichà ©d roles they play, for example: the mammy, the promiscuous character, or the angry black woman. Within this paper, I will incorporate Bell Hooks idea of â€Å"The Oppositional Gaze†, and Marina Heung ideas discussed in the article What s the Matter with Sara Jane?† Daughters and Mothers in Douglas Sirk s Imitation of Life†. The film of focus is Imitation of Life (1959) by Douglas Sirk,Read MoreBurden of Representation in Film1146 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Representation is defined as a likeness or image of something, a definition that implies a visual component to this act. In terms of minority groups, such as women, people of color, all non-normative sexualities, the issue of representation is one that many film theorists and filmmaker’s struggle to contend with. Both the scarcity and the importance of minority representations yield what many have called the burden of representation. Since there are so few who haveRead MoreThe Dangers Of Blaxploitation Films Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pageswomen. Young African American filmmakers, made lots of these types of movies in order to appeal to the young African American crowd. In the article â€Å"Baadasss Gangstas: The Parallel Influences, Characteristics and Criticisms of the Blaxploitation Cinema and Gangsta Rap†, by Dustin Engels, it says, â€Å"African American artists began using their mediums to appeal directly to black audiences in an attempt to spawn cultural movem ents that would display and bring to the forefront the cultural, social and

How Has the Position of Vice President Changed Free Essays

How has the position of the vice president changed? (30 MARKS) The position of the vice president has drastically changed in many areas such as the way in which they are voted in, but it is still unchanged in areas like the powers given to the vice president in the constitution. As the role of the federal government and the presidents responsibilities grew presidents began to see the vice-presidency as a source of help in running the executive branch of government. Beginning with the Eisenhower- Nixon administration 1953-61, vice presidents were given more high profile tasks and became in some cases significant presidential advisors in 1977 vice-president Mondale was shown the presidential daily briefing and was given an office in the west wing, Mondale was the first vice-president to receive this but after Mondale this was the normal thing for the vice-presidents. We will write a custom essay sample on How Has the Position of Vice President Changed or any similar topic only for you Order Now The improved position of the vice-presidency has attracted more significant people to seek the office, over the past 50 years the list of vice-presidents has been a distinguished one, including names such as Lyndon Johnson and Al Gore, of the eleven vice-presidents who held office between 1953 and 2008 four went on to become president, while a further three were selected to run. The election of vice-president Dick Chaney was seen as a bit of a joke not because he was not qualified enough but because he was more qualified than the president George W. Bush, it was said ‘if Dick Chaney were assassinated, Bush would have to become president’. Dick Chaney did not take the roles of a normal vice-president he had lots more power Bush gave Cheney access to ‘every table and every meeting’ making his voice heard in whatever area the vice-president feels he wants to be active in. The first two decades of the nations history, the vice-president was the person who came second in the balloting of the electoral college, until the 1804 the 12th amendment changed the vice presidential system, from then on it was elected on a joint ticket with the president so the choice for the potential president Is the choice of the people. Modern day vice-presidents have take on new roles, many have played a role in legislation in congress, this is the role that Dick Chaney who was former member of the house of representatives took for George W. Bush and this is the role that Joe Biden a senator for 36 years plays for president Obama. The vice-president often becomes the party worker, electioneer and fund raiser, Cheney played this role in the run up to the 2002 mid term elections, according to the times Cheney was â€Å"drawing packed crowds and raking in millions of dollars for Republican candidates†. The vice-president may become a major spokesman for the administration, Gore became a regular face at the podium on environmental issues as well as over government efficiency drives. However vice-presidents have always had four powers in the constitution which are still in place today, the vice-president is the presiding officer of the senate, even though this function is rarely performed by the vice-president is usually assigned to junior members of senates chambers, the vice president can also break a tied vote in the senate, which can be very helpful for the president as when there was a tie breaking vote in 2001 on President Bushes $1. trillion tax cut Dick Chaney voted in favour of President Bush, between 1981 and January 2009 vice presidents were called upon to break tied votes on 19 occasions eight of these by Dick Chaney. The vice-president is given the task of counting and then announcing the electoral college results, so in 2001 vice president Al Gore had to announce his de feat in the previous November election. The previous three powers are either of little importance or occur rarely or both, it is the final power that gives the office of vice-president its potential importance. The vice-president becomes president upon death, resignation or removal of the president from office, this has occurred on nine occasions, four times following the assassination of the president, four times following the natural death of the president, and once following the resignation of the president, president Nixon resigned in 1974 after the Watergate scandal. The insignificant powers of the office, coupled with this potential importance led the first vice-president, John Adams to remark of the post ‘in this I am nothing but I may be everything’. More recently the vice president has acquired a fifth power ‘to become acting president if the president is declared, or declares himself disabled, this has been used three times but only for a short time, Dick Chaney was acting president twice but for just over two hours. So there has been some drastic changes in the position of the vice-president, they have taken on a lot more responsibility than they have previously had, gradually getting more and more power, but it depends on the vice president such as Dick Chaney he was a very powerful vice-president which could be due to his expertise and the lack of experience of Bush in comparison, but some parts of the vice-presidency are still the same as they are still written in the constitution. How to cite How Has the Position of Vice President Changed, Papers

Risk Managment full assingmetn free essay sample

Executing a Risk Management Plan is a challenging task for the management of organizations all over the world. This is happening because of globalization, delimitation of economic boundaries and the malpractices of governance gaining prominence in the administration of public as well as private sectors. Organizations all over the world are facing risks concerning political uncertainty, scarcity of finance and wider diversification of markets. This is because the organizations need to expand and diversify in order to achieve high growth rate. The objective of this paper is to looks into the risk factors that these factors pose for Travco Travel Company (TTC), a private sector, closely held company with aspirations and potential to sustain growth. TTC is a professionally managed company and its growth has been exponential. The company is part of a 33 year old multinational group, The Travco Group, headquartered in Egypt . The group offers travel services and has allied business ventures, such as Cruise Liners, Luxury Coaches, Resorts and Luxury Hotels, spread across the Middle East and China. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Managment full assingmetn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page TTC, having reached the zenith of success in the Middle East is now embarking on a journey of economic cohesion and management integration in the international field for expanding its integrated commercial activities . This report has, after considerable deliberation, focused on three core areas of risk which can be cause of potential economic threat for TTC and The Travco Group, its parent group organization and these are – Financial, Marketing and Political. The strategic threat scope has been analyzed as per the guidelines set out in Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines of AS/ANZ ISO 31000:2009 and as defined in The Risk Assessment Technique Standard of IEC/ISO 31010. The strategic threat to Finance has been chosen because the company, which was established in the year 1979, has still to consolidate its financial roots for embarking on an international expansion spree. The indicates that the company is proposing to expand into totally alienated regions, where it is yet to establish itself as a cohesive, integrated and well-knit entity. The Political factor is based on the fact that its base country, Egypt, is constantly witnessing political uncertainty and is believed to be getting into unstable economic conditions because of this political apathy, disorientation and administrative vacuum. The author of this report has progressively discussed the organizational needs of TTC for risk management, progressing towards the need to propose a secured, rational process for formulating a risk management plan. The aim is to finally conjure a program that the company can manage to have an effective control over its expansion plans while minimizing risk potentials across all its business streams. The conclusions arrived at through this report are neither exhaustive nor are meant to provide any guidelines for TTC or for that matter any other company. The views expressed are the conclusive views of the author, who is of the opinion such conclusions, can be effectively used by companies as means of averting risk threats in their commercial ventures 2. Introduction Company Background Travco Travel Company of Egypt, this is how the founder Mr. Hamed El Chiaty christened his first venture when he entered into the travel service business in 1979. The company slowly but steadily consolidated its position in Egypt and with associates spread across whole of Middle East, soon became the top company in its field. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of The Travco Group and was renamed as Travco Travel. Its business interests are spread across Travel Services; Management of Luxury Hotels and Resorts; Cruise Liners; Luxury Coaches; Conducting Corporate Tours throughout the Middle East, Japan and Mainland China . The company now proposes to expand extensively in Asia and for that it is in the process of formulating a strategy to control the risk factors which its expansion may have to face in the future. The aim of this report is to suggest the company a Risk Management Plan which it can adopt across all sections of its functioning parameters. Business Objectives An expanding organization, such as Travco the need is to focus on financial, administrative and marketing policy matters. For such a dynamic organization, the task of choosing a well-defined risk management plan is a serious issue. The potential of the risks it may have to face while on the expansion spree can be internal as well as external. It is very difficult for the management to make an assessment of the perils of the expansion and to evaluate them before it begins the formality of another expansion is altogether a task which needs to be looked into deeply and carefully. Although the management can make efforts to understand internal, device ways to regulate and control them by formulating rules, regulations and policies, the external risk factors cannot be assessed as they are out of the company’s regulations and policies. Although, across all sections of business there are laws, standards and regulations which are imposed by regulating authorities and associations, even then situations do arise which are difficult to premeditate. Hence every management team has to learn from its own experience. Every organization has to experiment with its resources and produce best results within its own policy framework. TTC Group has experience, resources and its founder Mr. Hamed El Chiaty has gone through many ups and downs in these 33 years since he formed his first company in Egypt . There are many areas in the day to day operations of a company where risks are faced by the management. Such risk factors may be of minimum intensity or may attain dangerous proportions in due course of time. It is not always possible for the management to foresee these situations, but if the management has a good, working risk management plan in place and it enforces strict rules, it is possible for the management to keep the scale of the risk at a minimum level. In our opinion that a well thought Risk Management Plan of a company with progressive thinking shall control ‘uncertainty’ and manage ‘opportunity’ more effectively. After carrying out extensive research, the author has inferred that if the resources of a company, such as Travco travel are managed effectively than an integrated implementation of its risk management plan can create far reaching, positive and long lasting results for its financial, human and social growth. Having an understanding of the business it is in is essential for the management and equally important is to understand its adversities, competition in the trade. It is essentially important that the management formulates a risk management plan after taking into account the environmental and social pattern of the country where it intends to expand its operations. Research on Travco Group has shown that the vision of its founder to search newer opportunities for expansion and diversification across Middle East and now in Asia has been acute, accurate and well calculated . Business Strategy The company has formulated a well-researched business strategy for its diversification, expansion and future growth. Under the guidance of its able, experienced and dynamic chairman, Mr. Hamed,El Chety the group has drawn plans to adopt the culture of ‘Corporate Governance’ for its present and future projects. This will make the group aware and responsible to its internal as well as external stakeholders. The group has acquired a broad and exhaustive policy of risk management plan for all its group companies, whether presently under its fold, whether required to be acquired, merged or floated as new ventures, with or without the participation of its other associates, provided these prove to be gainful for its stakeholders in the future. The group has established a strong base of cultural roots and is committed to its stakeholders with a deep sense of corporate responsibility and a commitment towards better customer relations. The group management has a progressive outlook and is always on the lookout for newer avenues of vertical growth, both inside and outside the group’s organizational framework. The management is firmly of the belief that investing in human power is equally important as investing in equipment for a sustained all round growth of the group companies . Business Mission Multi-dimensional growth, multi-service diversity and multi-cultural outlook are the factors which the management of the Travco Group are determined to pursue for all its group companies. The management has envisaged a vision for growth and is being governed by a risk management policy which is growth-oriented and makes the group dedicated towards a secure future. The Group and its associate entities, whether associated directly or indirectly with the group, have a clear mission to rise above their competitors; to take calculative financial risk and to remain prepared for all eventualities. 3. Risk management glossary and terms Risk Risk is defined as the chance of something happening which can have negative or positive impact on the organization. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Assessment The identification, evaluation, and estimation of the level of risk and hazards or their up- gradation through a systematic and practical approach. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Management The identification, analysis, assessment, manage, and avoidance, minimization the chance of negative events or maximized the chance of positive events. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Management Framework A set of components that assist and continue RM through an organization. There are two types of components Foundation includes your RM objectives, policy, mandate, and loyalty. Organizational arrangements include relationships, plans, resources, accountability, activities and processes you used to manage your organizational risk. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Management Policy A policy statement defines a general commitment and overall intentions and direction of the organization related to its risk management. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Management Plan An organization’s RMP on how it intends to manage risk. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Management Process A RM process is a systematic application of management policies, procedures and practices including activities of communicating, consulting, establishing the context, and identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring and reviewing risk. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Criteria Term of reference which signifies the risk to be evaluated, these are used to determine whether a specified level of risk is acceptable or tolerable. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Risk Identification Process of finding, recognizing and describing the risk that could be affects the achievement of an organization’s objectives. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Hazard What ever source which could be of potential impairment Risk Owner- Entitiy or person who would taking accountability and authority to manage the risk. Risk Analysis Process that is used to be aware of the nature, source and causes of the risk that you have identified and to estimation the level of risk. (Risk Management Dictionary, 2010) Consequences Outcome of an event affecting objectives. (2009, risk management dictionary 2010) Likelihood Chance is that something might happening. (2009, risk management dictionary 2010) Probability- Chance of occurrence expresed as the a number between 0 and 1 where 0 is impossibility and 1 is absolute certainty. (business dictionary. com n. d. ) Risk matrix Table used in risk analysis in which row shows the risk and colums show their chance occureance and their impact. (business dictionary n. d. ) Level of risk magnitude of a risk, expressed in terms of the combination of consequence. ( 2009, risk management dictionary 2010) Risk Evaluation Process of compaaring the results of risk analysis with risk criteria to determine whether the risk or its mangnitude is acceptable or tolerable. ( 2009, risk management dictionary 2010) Risk Profile Written descrption of any set os risks. .( 2009, risk management dictionary 2010) Risk Attitude General organizational approch to assess and eventually pursue, retain, take or turn away from risk. Risk Aversion Investor attitude to turn away from risk. (Business Dictionary, n. d. ) Control is any measure or action that is modifying risk. Risk Avoidance- It’s techniques of RM to take steps to remove hazards and engage in alternative activity. (business dictionary n. d. ) Risk Sharing- RM is method in which the cost of consquences of a risk is syndication between several participant in an organization. (business dictionary n. d. ) Residual Risk- It’s the risk remaining after treatment, removed the souce of the hazard, transform the concequences, changed the probabilities, transferred the risk or maintain the risk. (2009, risk manageent dictionary 2010) Monitoring- Supervising Frequent checking, critically observing or determining the status in order to identify change from the performance level required or predictable. (2009, risk manageent dictionary 2010) Review- Activity undertaken to determine the adequacy, suitability and effectiveness of the subject matter to achieve established objectives. (2009, risk manageent dictionary 2010) Risk Reporting- Communication metohd to inform about the current state of risk and its management to internal and external stakholders. Risk Appetite- it’s the quantity to which the organization is ready to take the risk to achieve its business objectives. It is often said that more risk more gains. But the risk receiving of every organization differ depending upon its financial backup. Risk Tolerance- Organization’s or stakeholder’s readiness to bear the risk after risk treatment in order to achieve its objectives. Risk Treatment- The processes used by the organization to identify and treat the risks to bring the non-desired outcomes to the minimum in the chance of their occurring. This is basically done by following principal called ACAT (Avoid, Control, Accept, and Transfer) of the risks. (Business Dictionary, n. d. ) Risk Transfer- It’s defined as transferring a risk of negative impact to another organization that is willing to take on this risk with common understanding. (Business Dictionary, n. d. ) Stakeholders- A person or an organization that can affect or be affected by a decision or an action of the organization. AS/ANZ ISO 31000:2009 distinguishes between internal and external stakeholders. (Business Dictionary, n. d. ) 4. Objective of risk management Plan The group has a clear vision for its objectives and after having an established business network with a diversified outlook towards its policies, it has successfully accelerated its growth. This now naturally prompts the management to look at the next logical step of preserving all these aspects with a fully integrated risk management plan. Here, it is required from the management to initiate steps to control the inherent risks and it is advisable for the management that it follows the guidelines proposed in AS/ANZ ISO 31000:2009 (Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines) which should be implemented along with the strategic guidelines proposed in IEC/ISO 31010 (Risk Management-Risk Assessment Technique Standard) to identify such inherent risks. The Travco Group, having now attained a global exposure to business practices should now look into the methods of defining its objectives for a risk management plan on a global level. The main objective of plan is to identify mechanism of RMP, which will be implemented to manage and control the possible threat that may have negative effect on any of the business areas, increase the organizational performance, having strong presence in the market, strong relationship with partners, strong comparison team, timely feedback, observing competitors, having, quick decision making and positive action . These plan objectives are, identification, assessment, mitigation, contingency Planning, treatment and monitor and review Further risk which could be faced due to globalization of business nature it has made the group to face international competition and this exposes the group companies to threats and risks at a global level . In AS/ANZ ISO 31000:2009 (Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines), it can be perceived that the following are the areas of concern for the company which is now trying to establish itself on a broader platform and therefore must have clear objectives for its Pre- and Post-expansion plans. Risk Management Objectives to be observed by a Company Pre-Operative ObjectivesPost-Operative Objectives Economic FactorsOperational Continuity Social FactorsMaintaining Growth External ObligationsCustomer Responsibility Internal Conflicts of ViewsMarket Survival Tactics The risk threats for the Travco Group into three important areas which can be the cause of concern for it – (a) Financial Forces; (b) Political Forces; and (c) Market Forces and the purpose of this report is to highlight and discuss them on this platform . Risk Management Objectives to be observed by Travco Financial ForcesPolitical ForcesMarket Forces Economic FactorsSocial FactorsOperational Continuity Maintaining GrowthExternal ObligationsCustomer Responsibility Internal Conflicts of ViewsMarket Survival Tactics 4. 1Financial Forces Financial forces that are external in nature, always pose threats at the least expected time. The central control station of the Travco Group is located in Egypt and as it opens up new business locations which are far and further from its central control station, the chances of the company becoming target of external risks, because of circumstances beyond its control, becomes greater. Hence the management has to be extra cautious in financial matters and should exercise the option of more control through a robust Internal Audit Systems. It is advisable that the management adopts the policy of greater management and reporting transparency at all levels. It has been observed in financial matters and explained in the Risk Management-Risk Assessment Technique Standard of IEC/ISO 31010 that any change in policy or functional strategy can prove to be futile for the group. Hence the management has to take care that it makes its moves regarding financial, manpower and equipment after due diligence. A focused risk management plan is required at this stage which makes the optimal use of the company’s available resources and propagates further its social responsibility and corporate governance . 4. 2Political Forces It has been observed all over the world that a political change in government often leads to changes in the policies of the government. When a company, such as Travco is expanding into foreign lands its management should take extra care in dealing with the changes as the new policies are often pro-domestic and anti-foreign investment. The management of the Travco Group should keep in mind that recently even Egypt has undergone turmoil in its political circles and the Asian countries are prone to be affected by such changes. The management has also to keep a watch on the external affairs policies of the present government in its home country, as these would determine the future outcome of the group’s overseas ventures . 4. 3Market Forces It is evident that the Travco Group will have to face intense competition from the domestic sector of the country where it diversifies its business activities. This will be faced by the group even inside Egypt, where it is expanding its operations and adding new markets to its expanding. The group has to deal with such situations with utmost care and should endeavor to maintain flexible relations with its clients and associates at all levels 5. Creation of risk management Policy It is important that Travco Travel, its other associates and its parent group pursue policies according to the guidelines of AS/ANZ 31000:2009 for a competitive risk management plan, which it can make applicable to all its units across all sectors, whether domestic or foreign. This should be done by the management with a view to maintain linear growth of the group and to ensure that regulations are followed and group policies are not affected. 5. 1Role of the Board The Board of Directors of all companies of the group must take directions from the central governing body of the group, which functions under the guidance of Mr. Hamed el chiaty its founder and Chairman of Board. The central board should give out clear and bold decisions concerning financial control, marketing strategies and employee empowerment. 5. 2Role of the Risk Management Office As the Travco Group has started expanding its operations on international levels, it is very essential for it to set up a separate risk management and control office which should monitor, regulate and implement the group’s risk management plans across all the segments of the group. Such an office should have full backing of the central board of the group. It is advisable and also recommended by the Risk Management-Risk Assessment Techniques Standard policy of IEC/ISO 31010 that all the individual board members, who are fully conversant with their company’s internal and external risk threats and who have been designated with powers to control, are involved at the central board level in maintaining and correlating the various measures needed to ward-off internal and external risks. 5. 3Role of Internal Auditors This is a very essential and is a mandatory requirement as per the guidelines of the Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines of AS/ANZ ISO 31000:2009. The risk committee will on below. 5. 4Risk Committee CEO and Senior management In case where the risk leave is extreme, risk mitigation plan is required, risk is unacceptable, detailed research and management planning required at senior levels 5. 5Senior Management In case where the risk is high mitigation plan required, senior management attention needed, decision on acceptance of risk to be made by Process Owner and Process Manager 5.6 Middle line manager (supervisors) Management responsibility must be specified, decision on acceptance of risk to be made by Process Manager 5. 7Staff and Contractors Where the risk is low and acceptable which is monitored and managed by routine process 5. 8Policy Requirements How the policy is overviewed on quarterly basis if it needs to be changed, add new addendum to make sure it’s will upda ted with market place. Further how the policy is circulated with all staff within the organization 5. 9Review and approval Policy has to be approved by the risk committee 6. Interdependency of risk management with strategic planning Once the objectives have been set and policies have been formulated, the company should then concentrate on a ‘Strategic Plan’ so that the objectives and policies can be implemented effectively. At this stage, when it is in an expansion mode, it is essential and imperative for the group management to finalize its strategic plan so that it can consolidate its current resources and focus on future risk management. Under these circumstances, the decision making process of the group should have an inbuilt strong work culture which should form an integral part of the central management team. It has been observed that during such expansion phases, the management of individual companies has to take extra precaution, as far as the issues of internal and external risk threats are concerned. The Travco Group is a service oriented group and the management has to be alert about the ever changing trends in customer’s demands . Travco has to maintain a steady clientage, a loyal workforce and a trustworthy group of associates for future growth. Risk management is about – ? Maintaining Financial Strength; ?Maintaining Loyal Workforce; ?Maintaining Steady Clientage; ?Maintaining Supportive Associates. Strategic planning is also about the above mentioned factors and the Travco Group has to focus on the satisfaction of its clients by maintaining competitive prices and provide quality service. Easy communication facilities across the internet combined with new technologies not only benefits the Travco Group but also exposes it to the global competitors. Therefore it is essential that Financial gains, market control and risk management plans are controlled simultaneously for a sustained growth †¢Increase the number of clients from all the incoming outgoing sectors †¢Try to retain all upcoming markets share from new emerging markets †¢To maintain satisfaction and reliability image with partners and shareholders †¢To preserve the safety and security of gust assets and employees. †¢To expand the TUI / Travco group around the globe. 7. Relationship with Corporate Governance The management structure of the group has been built with a view to provide compliance with the Risk Aversion Policies of the group. The aim of such a governance structure is to control implementation of rules, effective implementation of the management’s decisions and to have quick and appropriate actions which ensure that the group progresses, attains its targets to fulfill the aspirations of stakeholders, employees and customers. The group should adopt such measures on a daily basis and managers at all levels should be involved to identify risk areas, establish management control procedures and implement the risk management plan. As shown below, accountability, authority, responsibility and skill management values should be maintained in the company hierarchy Responsibility The organization has to take full responsibility in case any of its employee’s action and stand by them. Ethical work atmosphere- lt should develop policies to differentiate all illegal and immoral practices within and outside the organization which comes under its scope of works.

Marlen Esparza free essay sample

In Nathaniel Rich’s essay, â€Å"Marlen Esparza: Going the distance†, stated thatMarlenEsparza has a real talent for boxing. Talent is a natural ability, reflect the intelligence, great acumen, easy to cultivate and bring into play in future. Marlen Esparza who was born in Houston is a young American boxer and gets high achievement in the contest. When people look at Marlen, they will think she is a little girl, but actually she has a power and talent inside. To write this essay and affirm Esparzas talent, authors found information and interviewed not only Marlen Esparza but also her family and coach. The author is not the only person who confirms Esparzas endowment in the field of boxing, others also praised her ability. To prove his claim, Rich gives the myriad information in the essay to assert more of Esparzas talent. Everyone has at least one natural talent in a certain field. We will write a custom essay sample on Marlen Esparza or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some people show their talent very early when they are kids, but some people just find their talent until they become adults. Marlen Esparza’s talent was revealed in the sports field when she was youngand the author suggests, Marlen was always desperate to compete against her brothers† (851). Although Esparza’s father desired one of his sons become a boxing legend, his younger daughter had an interest in boxing than his sons. Boxing is a sport that requires strong, healthy and high endurance, but Marlen who is a girl did not fearless when she dared to fight boxing with her brothers. This action showed a passion of a young girl who likes playing boxing that is mainly for boys instead of play activities for girls. In addition, a girl who could beat her brothersdemonstrated that she is very strong and have good stamina to pursue boxing. Inside her, talent seed had been budding when she was young. In his essay, Rich maintains, â€Å"She attacked that other little girl like a pit bull, like a grasshopper†¦Her determination and stamina surprised me. That other girl was trying to survive! † (851). Bull is a symbol of strength, aggressive, eager to win, and if it see the red color, it will butt against an opponent. While Marlen fights with the other girls, she looks like a bull with full of energetic to win,ready to strike and hit the opponent. If the other girls were trying to survive to pass exercises, Marlen did not get tired or bewail the painful difficulties, and she was more and more vigorous during exercises. Indeed, only those who have a gift for boxing and passion as Marlen, who can train hard without a break. She also proved that talent can just develop if people practice, cultivate everyday and never give up. Nathaniel reveals in essay that â€Å"Marlen Esparza is currently ranked ninth in the world† (853). It wasnot easy to be one of the top ten in the world, but Marlene already did that. For over 12 years, she has spent countless time to practice with hope that will attend the exams in the country and international. Her talent was recognized when she won the bronze medal in an International Olympic Committee at the London Games in 2012. In international competitions, she defeated opponents who were very proficient in boxing from other countries, so this proved that she is a great player with good technique and quick reflex while playing. Moreover, her talent has represented the younger generation potential of the United States to attend in the international arena. Everyone thought she had everything after she achieved high performance in competitions, but actually she also has to confront obstacles in life. She shared in the essay thatâ€Å"I get mad. I don’t date. I haven’t gone out in a long time†¦I don’t have Facebook, because I’d be jealous of everybody. I don’t want to know what I’m missing. † (854). All of her time, she just practices every day becauseboxing seems to be all to her, and it also took away her free time that perhaps she can go out with friends or date with a guy. An ordinary girl can do anything they like, but Esparzas talent made her become a special girl. Behind the medal of the competition, the price for the medal is sometimes lonely when she does not have friends and jealous of normal girls. For this reason, she did not feel very happy from her victory. If she can balance her life between boxing and entertainment, she will not be pressured and feel sad anymore. Additionally, the author maintains, â€Å"Esparza plans on quitting after the Olympics because while male fighters can earn millions, female professionals rarely make more than $10,000 and often must fight abroad† (855). In todays society, people are still sexist in sports field because they think men are stronger and important, so they have more priority for men. Both men and women must rigorous exercise in the long time, but the amount of money of the women is very small for a title. Not only Marlen but also female fighters feel underprivileged and unfair because they cannot live with little money. As a consequence, the thought of quitting sports is often seen in the female athletes since the society do not really have respect for their talent. The gender discrimination is the real reasonto prevent the development of female talent. Esparza intended to quit boxing after the International Olympic Committee, and she will go to medical school, but noone make sure that it will truly better for her or not. Her talent is boxing which is a sport that she is very passionate. More than 12 years to pursue boxing, she love boxing and it gives her power to do intense exercise. She is really herself when she lives with boxing because it is her dream. On the other hand, if she went to medical school, it will be a completely different field. Marlen cannot study well, and it will waste time to study when she does not have an interest in the medical. She will be an anesthesiologist all her life, but if one day, when she misses boxing, she cannot go back because numerous other young talents have developed at that time.

Learning Task Seven Example

Learning Task Seven Example Learning Task Seven – Coursework Example number 01 May Learning Task #7 The twenty-first century is an era of information, the intensified exchangeof which has become possible due to the Industrial revolution and introduction of new technologies. The modern-day society has to adjust itself to new challenges. In order to be in picture of the intensified process of information exchange one must be able to adequately analyze and foresee the tendencies of human activities at large. In this short essay I will try to explain how I, as a student, might use information to help educate students in my community in order to acquire and appreciation of humanities. The social order in Great Britain was transformed by the industrial revolution having introduced the new patterns of class behavior worldwide (Matthews, Noble, and DeWitt ch. 18). The French Revolution and the American Revolutionary War have changed the face of the world dramatically. Although these events were followed by certain reactionary attempts of some governments in a number of powerful European countries reverse the course of history in the middle of the nineteenth century, the changes in the collective mind of Western civilization proved to be nonreversible. By the end of the nineteenth century the communication of ideas became much easier for all members of Western societies regardless the social class affiliation. The industrial and post-industrial era turned the whole world into a so-called big village, where cross-cultural interaction intensified drastically. Without the ability to study our cultural legacy with critical and analytical mind within the framework of humanities it is impossible to understand what challenges the next generations will face.Work CitedMatthews, Roy, Thomas Noble, and Platt DeWitt. Experience Humanities. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2013. Kindle Edition.

Research Critical Appraisa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Critical Appraisa - Essay Example Additional to using traditional along with well-established procedures along with practices, health care practitioners are accepting pioneering interventions that are clear on best practices and solid research-based facts. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an example of such a technique and is swiftly gaining fame due to its likelihood to take successfully care for clinical issues as well as give better patient care. New far-reaching transformations impact nursing research in the healthcare research venture. Nascent fields are rising to understand how to boost efficiency, effectiveness, safety, and aptness of health care; how to advance health service delivery systems; as well as how to encourage performance development. The emerging fields comprise translational along with improvement science, health delivery systems science and implementation research ("Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas," n.d.). Research into the use of the evidence-based practice is among the fields that has remarkably affected the exemplar shift and is intertwined with the other fields. Research into EBP uptake is equal to examining Star Point 4 (incorporation of EBP into practice). Numerous distinguished federal grant agendas have developed to promote research that builds the evidential foundation for efficient strategies in using EBP. Among the innovative research, initiatives are the Patient-Centered Outcomes grants and the Clinical Translational Science Awards. The Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas. (n.d.). Retrieved from

All Forms of Tobacco Should Be Made Illegal Essay

All Forms of Tobacco Should Be Made Illegal - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that tobacco items in widespread use and business preparation are derived from three sorts of tobacco preparation; rolls of tobacco smoked (e.g. Cigar, cigarette) pipes (counting water pipes) oral arrangements for biting and holding in the mouth or putting in the nose (e.g. snuff, snus, betel quid). Smoking in broad daylight was, for quite some time, done only by men, and when done by females was sometimes connected with promiscuity; In Japan, throughout the Edo period, prostitutes and their customers regularly approached each other under the appearance of offering a smoke. The same was correct for nineteenth-century Europe. At present, there are an expected 1.3 billion smokers on the planet. The death rate from tobacco utilization is currently 5 million individuals a year; if present usage examples continue, the number of deaths will be about twofold, reaching near 10 million by the year 2020. The higher rate of death and ailment is quickly moving to developing nations. Nearly one-half of cigarette smokers die early from tobacco intake. That is to say that in regards to 650 million individuals alive today will, in the end, die from a tobacco-related illness if they keep on smoking. In spite of what we think about tobacco use today, tobacco utilization keeps on increasing around the world. The plague is still growing, particularly in low- and moderate income nations. The tobacco business has an enormous potential market in these nations, where they regularly confront weaker tobacco control measures and ï ¬ nd an extraordinary number of possible new clients, around females specifically. Different sorts of tobacco items are connected with various sorts of diseases. For instance, despite the fact that smokeless tobacco items may not result in lung disease and different infections connected to smoke inhalation, their numerous other unfavorable effects still make them the real health concern in a few regions. Cigarettes, P ipes, water pipes and Cigars are the most commonly used forms of tobacco. Cigarettes are the most fatal and addictive items ever made by humans. At the point when utilized as intended by their producers, they kill more or less one a large portion of their clients. There are a few parts of the smoke and its advancement that have an extraordinary effect on the degree of the harm it does in health terms.

The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems Essay

The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems - Essay Example However, the system transformation process is not easy as an entire department that utilized the system is grounded to a halt, which means dealing with inconveniences of managing the functions manually (Khosrow-Pour, 2001). The main issue is in how to attain effective Information Technology Management within MSCC while sufficiently anticipating challenges and their solutions to guarantee business continuity and employees’ productivity. During the 1900, Midsouth focused on transportation systems and legislative decisions caused many communities to lack access to reliable transportation, halting the economic and business development. However, by 1930s, the charter included additional issues, thus transforming into an aggressive commercial advocacy firm by 1990s. These changes were accompanied by company growth in terms of human resources and profitability changed by 2000 to reflect a downfall in the annual budget by $250,000 and a membership of about 2,300. The main contributors included the internet bubble, loss of regional manufactures, and the economic downtime back then. Although, MSCC did not lose its position as a powerful business advocacy firm in 2000, the company’s management experienced the challenge of inability to fund annual operational business in line with the company’s aggressive growth. Lassiter, the Vice President in 2000 experienced a serious dilemma of staff and program retrenchment for an effective sales and marketing team, thus translating into less aggressively grown revenue in the firm. As an information Technology professional, Lassiter proactively sought for the solutions to the IS challenges that included misaligned marketing and sales support functions, restricted capacity of the current information system, and the arising concerns over security given that each staff member lacked access to data required for the operation of MSCC activities for sales and marketing. At MSCC, information technology is

Accounting Audit: Case Study

Accounting Audit: Case Study The inventory valuation is done on cost basis, while the NRV (Net realizable value) is 10% below the cost. As per the accounting standards in Australia governed by the AASB, the inventory valuation is done based on the basis of lower of cost or realizable value, whichever is lower, which is as per the guidelines laid down under the provisions of AASB 102. However, since the cost is of higher value in comparison to the realizable value, the system followed here reflects the inventory at higher value, which is not the fair value of inventory and contravenes AASB 102. This is the just and fair opinion of independent auditor. In view of this, the audit opinion expressed is fully justified. The inventory should reflect the fair value of the inventory and the cost basis does not reflect the fair value of the inventory as per acceptable accounting principles. Hence the system of accounting followed should be subjected to fair audit, and corrective measures should be taken for rectification. Further, the opinion expressed by the auditor should be an adverse opinion, since the accounting systems and practices followed by the company contravenes the principles and concepts of accounting and the provisions as per AASB and the Corporations Act, 2001 given the materiality of the information and facts reported by the company and the fairness in the reporting of the financial statements. The client has entered into a real estate contract of purchasing some property and developing shopping complex, and further selling the same to an unrelated third party at a profit-based (cost-plus) basis of settlement price. As the real estate markets fell and the rates had dropped, the purchaser sued the client on the basis that as he relied on markets and rates forecasted by the client, he was not getting the forecasted prices in the market because of recessionary conditions in the market. In view of the uncontrollable market conditions resulted due to no fault of the client, the auditor opined that the client need not pay any damages as he is not liable for any loss due to uncontrollable factors in the market over which client has no control. In view of this, the opinion of the auditor is just and fair. Moreover, when the transaction that has taken place between the purchaser and the client, the client is supposed to have information about the risks such transactions are exposed to. The market risk is covered under AASB7, which deals with the various risks arising under financial transactions. In view of the above, the auditors opinion with regard to client liability for loss is fair and fully justified. However, sensitivity analysis has to be conducted with respect to the variable parameters and the methods followed for the sensitivity analysis. The impact of the price analysis or forecasting is studied on the basis of the changes in these variables. In this case, as the client is not part of the final transaction pertaining to the sale after the completion of the deal, the client and its management is not liable. The entire risk in this case is to be borne by the purchaser himself who has to bear the entire market risk. Market risks are not part of any deal between parties. Hence, the auditors opinion that the client is not liable for the damages legally is fair and correct. Moreover, since there is always the probability of (market) risk involved due to price fluctuations, it is the presence of market forces which could have gone either way. The probability of loss to the client in the event of the markets falling could not be underestimated. Hence, the opinion here of the auditor should be a disclaimer opinion (a category of Qualified opinion) since the best forecast of the estimates could go wrong and hit either side and the auditor could not be held liable for the estimation or forecasting based on market factors (external), given the information and facts available to the auditor for forming an opinion about the companys accounting policy. (iii) In this case, there is a small NFP or Not-for-profit organization, which can be characterized by a high % (completion) of total revenue and, in such a organizational framework, the internal control degree is low. In view of this, the % completeness of revenues and the risks associated with auditing are also high. Larger the size of the NFP organization, lower the completion % of total revenue and better control over internal control and in turn, lower the risks associated with As the degree of internal controls is low, the auditors assertion of poor audit evidence and lack of control over the revenue completeness is correct and fair. Hence, the opinion issued by the auditor is one of disclaimer type in view of the limited scope or horizon and the limitations of the auditor in terms of the audit evidence provided or made available to the auditor to give the fair and independent opinion and the materiality of the information given. So there is a limitation of scope of the auditors examination. (iv) The company is follows the accounting policy of not disclosing the directors fees in its financial reports. Since the disclosure of directors fees is mandatory as per Corporations Act, 2001, (Australian corporation and securities legislation, 2001), the assertion and opinion of the auditor with regard to the materiality or otherwise of the fees does not hold well. The Materiality arises when it affects (i) decision making with regard to resource allocation (ii) accountability of management. The point of materiality is covered under AASB 1031 of the Australian Accounting Standards Board. Since as per the Govt. of Australias guidelines issued with respect to disclosure of directors fees is mandatory, non-compliance with the same or non-disclosure may lead to penalties for non-compliance on the part of the management and the auditors of the violating company. Hence, in view of contravention and non-compliance with the acceptable financial reporting policies, the auditor needs to give a qualified report. (v) The management of the company estimates the provision for bad debts at $550000. The audit arrives at the fair and reasonable estimate at 655000. The management of the company has refused to accept the figures of estimated given by the company for it would reduce the ne profit to the extent of $105000. Bad and doubtful debts are classified into recoverable and irrecoverable debts. Under the accounting norms for bad debts as per the Corporations Act, 2001, the irrecoverable debts are written off. The recoverable debts are those which are likely to be recovered and provision in respect of which is make in the financial statements of the year. Provision for Doubtful debts is under Section 237 of the Corporations Act, 2001 and AASB 124. In the Income Statement, the provision for doubtful debts is shown as a loss, while in the Balance Sheet, the provision is reduced from the Trade debtors as Net Debtors and is shown under current liability on its own (Current liabilities and provisions). A udit of accounting estimation follows the procedure collection of audit evidence, ascertaining and assessing the reasonability or otherwise of the accounting estimates, revising and renewing the estimates, and reviewing the subsequent events. As the materiality factor is involved in the accounting for the estimated figure of provision for doubtful debts, the report would not give a fair view of the financial report for the period and hence the auditor should give an adverse report indicating that the accounts do not reflect fairness in its state of affairs and financial position. (vi) In the case, the company has cash balances maintained in a foreign bank account situated in a foreign country or location. In this case, since there is no substantial audit evidence to enable the auditor to form an unbiased, independent opinion, the auditor can only give a subjective, qualified (limited scope) opinion on the reasonable grounds of his best professional expert judgment and experience, which may even be based on reasonable assumptions born out of facts available. Since the materiality figure is given, and the cash balance in the foreign account is just close to that figure, quantitative figures of materiality in the case do not hold good. Hence, the classification by the auditor of the entire cash balance held in the foreign account in the foreign location as current asset (asset required to meet short term obligation) is fully justified and the opinion given by him would be classified as disclaimer opinion, since the opinion does only reflect the best under the given circumstances and the facts. PART- B Introduction The auditor gives opinion of three types, in case of audit reports, namely, adverse, disclaimer, and qualified opinion in respect of the companys accounting norms, procedure and systems. Further, the audit of accounting estimates of the companys accounting procedure and practices would be generating modified, unqualified and qualified audit reports Executive Summary Under this report, we shall locate three annual reports from the appropriate sources mentioned in respect of three Australian companies listed in the ASX (Australian Stock Exchange) and also available in the CQU website. In these audited reports, the auditors opinions qualified opinions, unqualified opinions, and modified opinion with a Matter of emphasis as expressed by the auditors in these reports are shown. The detailed opinions are written in respect of the three companies annual reports considered for reporting on the Audit analysis of the financial reports of companies. Finally, conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of these reports. Report Now let us discuss the various opinions expressed by the auditors in respect of the three annual reports of the companies (Refer Appendix) as under: QUALIFIED OPINION: A Qualified opinion may be issued where there is a disagreement with management concerning appropriate accounting policies, a conflict between applicable financial reporting frameworks, or a limitation on the scope of the audit. A Qualified opinion can be used only when the auditor believes that the overall financial report is fairly satisfied. (Arens, at.al, 2010) I have found the following company with the Qualified Audit opinion. Gerard Lighting Group Ltd: Gerard Lighting is a listed Australian Company in the power sector. As it is the major company in its product line, I have taken this company as an assignment subject so that the companys accounting policies and practices, a strong company in the infrastructure sector can be thoroughly studied and reviewed. The annual report of the company for Year ended 2009 has been studied and the features of its auditors report are as under: Audit of its accounting estimates of expenses (Fielder, 2010) incurred during the period. Evaluation and assessment of efficiency and adequacy of its processes and controls Independence of the external auditor has been certified and ensured despite the auditor being engaged in the non-audit professional activities A review of the directors forecast (historical), historical pro-forma financial statements and best estimates assumptions, based on external factors (judgmental and subjective) beyond ones control and scope, has been carried by the auditors, which is done as per the audit evidence and financial data available to the auditors which is insufficient for the purpose of audit, hence the auditors clearly state that this is just a review of the management activities and forecasting based on its core performance factors, not a complete full-fledged audit. Hence there is no opinion made by the auditors on the audit report in view of insufficient audit evidence with the auditor as per information provided by the company for the purpose of audit which indicates that the auditor does not undertake any responsibility and the auditors opinion is known as disclaimer opinion, (Arens, et. al, 2010) a classification of qualified opinion, having insufficient audit evidence to form unbiased, clear opini on. The independent external auditor KPMG of Gerard Lighting Group Ltd has expressed their satisfaction over the financial report prepared and presented by the board of directors. The auditors have assessed and verified the statement of comprehensive income of the group, change in equity and statement of cash flow on date of year ending as well as the summary of all the significant accounting policies that has been followed by the company and the notes presented by the company. The auditors have found that the board of directors has discharged their duties in fair way. They have ensured that company follows the appropriate policies. As an overall view of the auditor this report is true, fair and free from any material misstatement. UNQUALIFIED OPINION: An Unqualified opinion is the most common type of auditors report. An unqualified opinion is issued when the independent auditor believes that the companys financial statements are sound; that is, the statements are free from material misstatements. This is different from a qualified opinion which is issued when the independent auditor discover something in the financial statements that is subject to major concern. Harvey Norman Holdings This is a leading Australian listed company in the product segments integrated retail, banking and franchise. As a company based on very sound policies, principles and practices, we have considered it for the study. The annual report of the company for the Year ended 2009 have been studied. The features of its annual report are as under: The audit of the financial position for the year has been made as per the audit procedure and carried in terms of provisions laid down under the Corporations Act, 2010 (Australian corporation and securities legislation, 2001)and the Australian Accounting Standards Board. The independence of the auditor being certified and ensured despite the auditor engaged in non-audit professional activities. The compliance with the standards and opinion about the fairness of the financial position by the auditor. Given the sufficiency of audit evidence and financial information, the audit carried represents a full and fair position of the financial standing of the company, in the opinion of the auditor with regard to the auditors report. This is an unqualified report expressed with regard to the unbiased independent opinion of the auditor on the financial position of the company. Finally, the auditor gives an unconditional, unqualified opinion based on data made available for forming an independent opinion and has classified the reports as unqualified reports The Independent auditor Ernst and Young of Harvey Norman Holdings have found that the financial report for the year ending 30 June 2009 has been satisfactory under various rules and have expressed an unqualified opinion on the report. The auditors have found enough audit evidences from various judgments and procedures that the financial report prepared and presented by the management is true. As a whole the auditors has expressed their opinion that this financial report is true, fair and free from any material misstatements and has been prepared by complying with all the relevant rules and laws of land. MODIFIED OPINION: An Unqualified audit report with an emphasis of matter is appropriate for an audit with satisfactory results and a financial report that is fairly presented, but where the auditor is required to provide additional information (Arens, et. al, 2010) The company with Modified opinion with an emphasis of matter AXA Asia Pacific holdings: This is a major listed Australian company in the financial (insurance) sector and is considered for the purpose of the study due to its key market position and sound financial practices. The annual report of the company for Year ended 2009 has been studied and following are the features of its auditors report are: Audit of its accounting systems and procedures. Evaluation and assessment of sufficiency of audit evidence. Independence (Roebuuck Martinov-Bennie, 2010) of the external auditor has been certified and ensured despite the auditor being engaged in the non-audit professional activities. The auditor has expresses an unqualified report on the financial position and expressed compliance with the AASB1039 (Australian accounting standards board). (Audit of Accounting estimates issued by AARF on behalf of ASCPA ICAA AUS516, 1995) Materiality (Pflugrath, 2010) with regard to the facts and figures presented has been checked and ascertained by the auditor and their conformance with the Australian accounting standards has been ensured. The forecast data based on judgmental assumptions and the subjective decisions made by directors of the company have not been reviewed or subjected to any kind of review. Hence, this is an aspect of a modified opinion with matter of emphasis. Considering the adequacy of sufficient information for giving true position of the financial state of affairs of the company, unqualified opinion has been given in the auditors report. The auditor Price Waterhouse Cooper has expressed their satisfaction over the independence of the external auditors and the financial reports of the AXA Asia Pacific prepared by the management under the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian accounting Standards as well as International Financial Reporting Standards. The auditors has found enough auditing evidences those indicates that this financial report of AXA Asia Pacific is true and has been complied with all the ethical and regulatory norms stated under Corporation Act 2001, Australian Accounting Standards while preparing financial reports. The auditors have said that this report is free from any material misstatement. On overall basis the auditors have found the financial report true, fair and free of any material misstatement and has complied all the rules and laws that governs and are relevant for a corporation having business in Australia (Annual Report, 2009 AXA Asia Pacific Holdings Limited). Conclusions We have studied a report based on the audit opinions expressed by the auditors regarding the accounting records based on the sufficiency of the audit evidence supplied and the audit plans carried out by the auditor. In all the cases, to the extent of the information supplied, they (auditors) have made independent opinions with regard to compliance with the Accounting standards of Australia (AASB) and compliance with the Corporations Act, 2001 and have qualified their opinions to the extent of the forecast and best estimates made by the management based on their subjective judgment and perception and also made opinions with regard to the fairness of these financial reports. From the analysis and review of the above companies, we can draw the following brief inferences with regard to Qualified, Unqualified, and Modified reports: GLG Qualified opinion HRH Unqualified opinion AAPH- Modified opinion with matter of emphasis.

the old man and the sea Essay -- essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the timeless novel The Old Man and the Sea, the hero is undoubtedly the old man, Santiago, whom us as readers become very acquainted with. Santiago is a hard-worker and perseveres through every problem nature brings to him. He is in the midst of a horrendous fishing drought, during which the townspeople laugh and ridicule him. Santiago just lets the criticism pass him by because he is confident that the fish of his lifetime is coming soon. In a sense, Santiago represents the ideas of honor and pride. He is also a hero to a young boy named Manolin who conveys the image that the old man is whom he would rather live and spend time with rather than his biological father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Santiago has many noteworthy character traits. He possesses a very strong sense of pride that will not allow him to give up on fishing even after eighty-four days without a single fish. He is also virtuous in that no matter what happens to him, he will not make up excuses or false accounts in an attempt to cover up his bad luck. He is also very unselfish for the reason that he never looks down on the boy or treats him unfairly. Everything they accomplish together, Manolin is given credit for, which I found unusual because more often than not, old men will try to hoard their achievements to try and hold on to their glory days. Instead, Santiago is trying to...

Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles

Ancient Greek Marital and Gender Roles *Note: All claims are assumptions based off of textual clues and are not to be understood as fact but to be recognized as potential truths. The roles of men and women in Ancient Greek civilization can never be fully understood since no one alive today existed during their era. That being said, analysis of texts written by Ancient Greek authors provides us with insight into how their culture viewed both genders. It is through these texts that scholars can identify customary actions of single and married couples.Questions such as: should women save themselves for marriage, Are men the providers, And were women expected to be subservient in a patriarchal society can all be answered through textual understanding. As we prepare to dive into ancient texts and learn about the Greek culture of old, one must understand the importance of utilizing multiple authors. Without calling upon a variety of texts, a credible and thorough theory on how Ancient Gree k individuals acted cannot be erected.For the purposes of this analysis the authors Euripides, Aeschylus, and Homer will be employed with the prospect of further understanding Ancient Greek gender and marital roles. Taking into account the differences among these texts in authorship and date, we will burden three main tasks: identify what makes a good husband and good wife, discern if and why one role receives more attention than the other, and conclude what ancient Greek social norms may have been from the way these texts depict marital relationships. Euripides’, Hippolytus, provides a sturdy backbone for understanding how Ancient Greek civilization viewed gender roles.Before reading a text it is important not to have a narrow scope. This means that one should not only focus on the perceived main character, but rather consider how every character may depict an aspect of the then current culture. Despite being titled Hippolytus, it is crucial not to only concentrate on the ch aracter Hippolytus. In fact, there may be just as much if not more to be learned from Phaedra. Phaedra, being the stepmother of Hippolytus, supplies a situation where her actions toward Hippolytus can be used in understanding the expected actions of married females toward single males. After Phaedra earns that her nurse has disclosed the sensitive information about her romantic feelings for Hippolytus to him and that he has rejected her she takes her own life out of shame. However, she leaves a note for her husband – Hippolytus’ father – Theseus, claiming that his son has raped her. This action reveals that perhaps it was not uncommon for women to take their lives after being sexually violated. With that in mind, it may be inferred that sexual purity was expected of women, that once a woman has been tainted by a male who was not her partner she loses her respect, honor, and desirability.In addition, Theseus’ reaction allows us to see even further into gen der relationships and societal norms. Theseus takes the offensive against Hippolytus, cursing him and subsequently causing his death. Nevertheless, instead of coming to the hasty conclusion that Theseus is emotionally volatile and lacking the ability to understand, it is pertinent that one stops and asks: â€Å"Why may he have acted this way? † For where most mistakes are made in textual analysis is through hasty generalizations based on current era norms.Indeed, in todays world Theseus’ reaction would lead to his imprisonment and mandatory meetings with a psychiatrist but this was not always so. In Ancient Greece honor was critical and helped in determining social status. Euripides lived during the end of the Persian Wars and much like the notorious Spartans, the Athenians considered honor for themselves and their family to be of the utmost importance. With this in mind we will take another look at Theseus’ reaction and how it provides insight into Ancient Gree k culture.It is possible that Theseus reaction would have been of the norm during his time. It was most likely seen as dishonorable to commit suicide as well as to lie; therefore, Theseus would not dare question the claims made by his wife. Theseus was trying to protect his honor as well as that of his family by taking action against he who had supposedly raped his wife. Society may have expected him to avenge Phaedra’s death. This shows that a married couple was a strong unit, that each must have trust in each other; it was not their duty to question the word of their partner.Bearing everything in mind it can be deduced that a good husband is one who protects his family and a good wife one who is loyal, even if it means taking their own life. Nevertheless, the male gender role stresses honor over family. Moreover, when honor and family conflict, family loses – hence the death of Hippolytus. Euripides portrayal of Hippolytus assists in depicting how men were expected t o act in society. Hippolytus serves as a paradigm for a man who does not meet the standards of the societal norm. We are able to identify that Hippolytus is not a normal Athenian male because the goddess Aphrodite punishes him for his actions.He is a boy who has not yet become a man; he shows that it was not acceptable for males in Ancient society to resist maturity. His wish to remain abstinent, or more so his lack of sexual desire is common among the youth but not a matured male. Aphrodite is used to receiving praise and worship from the male population and because Hippolytus does not worship her – but instead the virgin goddess Artemis – she chooses to punish him. His punishment allows us to infer that all men were required to seek out a woman when they reached the age of maturity.Those who did not most likely brought shame to themselves and their family. Moreover, it can be seen through the emphasis on family, and sexual desire that procreation was not so much a ch oice as it is today but an obligation and duty of each and every able-bodied male. Ultimately, Euripides’ Hippolytus sheds a lot of light on social norms regarding gender roles. During the time period in Ancient Greece while Euripides was alive – estimated between 484 – 407 B. C. E. (Before Current Era) – the prevalence of honor was paramount, effecting the actions and choices made by both males and females.It was the duty of the male to protect and maintain honor for his family by taking action against those who threaten or harm the fortitude of his family. But first it is his societal obligation to wed a woman and create a family. On the other hand women are important members of society, their word bears weight in discussion and decision, it is their duty to love and protect their family as well as to maintain honor for themselves by being loyal companions even if it means taking their own life. Although the assumptions made off of textual clues in Hipp olytus appear valid, it is still important to consider other ancient texts.The Odyssey by Homer is another text that provides clues toward how Ancient Greek civilization regarded gender and marital roles. There appears to be an undisputable amount of evidence supporting that there was a double standard between men and women on how they should act toward the opposite sex. Odysseus engages in sexual activities with a large amount of women on his journey home to Ithaca. Whereas despite not having not seen her husband for twenty years Penelope remains loyal even though she has a crowd of suitors desiring her bed.Odysseus’ behavior leads to the belief that it was acceptable for Greek males to cheat on their wives. However, there is not enough evidence that supports that his behavior was acceptable. Additionally his circumstances were not of the norm so it is unfair to say that Odysseus’ behavior corresponded with that of the average Greek male. The important part of Odysseu s and Penelope’s relationship that does speak to the social norms of society is the devotion held toward one another. Penelope’s decision to remain loyal to her husband even after twenty years of absence says a lot about Greek women.It can be inferred that marriage was a huge deal and loyalty an even bigger one. If Penelope had chosen another suitor before knowing if Odysseus was dead or not then she could have potentially brought dishonor to herself and her family. The importance of loyalty and marriage is stressed by Penelope’s actions. Additionally, she shows that to be a good wife is to be a committed wife. In comparison, although Odysseus is not loyal like Penelope, he shows that it is the duty of a husband to make it home to his wife and to always put family first.The fact that Odysseus wants more than anything to return home and see his wife – so badly that he even gives up his potential life with Calypso – supports that commitment to oneâ⠂¬â„¢s family is the most important duty of a Greek male. When Odysseus does return home and finds that suitors have overrun his house he takes action and eliminates all of them. Although it may be argued that a couple of the suitors were genuine, decent people and should not have been killed, his decision to kill all of them attests to the duties of a good husband.The suitors entering his home without verification of his death was a strike at his honor. It is from his decision to eliminate all of the suitors that we can learn about how Ancient Greek society viewed the male gender role. Men were expected to be strong and to protect the honor of their home, to enter discussion over who was the most in the wrong displayed weakness. In order for a man to reclaim his good name he must do away with any and all threats. This notion toward the expectations for Ancient Greek male gender roles is further supported by the actions of Odysseus’ son Telemachus.Telemachus had never met his father but still decided to set out on an expedition to find him. The fact that Telemachus had never met Odysseus when he decided to risk his life to find him validates the importance of family. Clearly common ethics in Ancient Greek civilization endorsed family over everything. A son was expected to fight for his family no matter how close his relationship with the rest of his family may be. Normal male gender roles were to maintain honor and protect one’s family.Homer’s The Odyssey and Euripides Hippolytus both share common characteristics in their insight into Ancient Greek marital and social gender roles. The overwhelming aspect of both texts that appears to be the focal point of Ancient Greek culture is family commitment. All clues point toward both marital roles to be to preserve and protect the honor of one’s family as well as the importance of having one. The assumption can be made that in order to be a good wife she must be loyal and honest, whereas to be a good husband he must also be devoted, putting his loved ones before himself and honor above all else.There does not appear to be one gender that receives more attention, supporting that both genders played a vital role in ancient culture. In contrast with the previous two texts, Aeschylus’ Oresteia: Agamemnon offers a different approach in addressing Ancient Greek cultural norms relating to marital and gender roles. While Agamemnon is gone for ten years at the Trojan war his wife Clytemnestra conspires against him with her lover Aegisthus. To be fair, Agamemnon had sacrificed their daughter in order to have the wind be on his side.Before we continue let us analyze how this depicts Ancient Greek marital roles. The relationship between Agamemnon and Clytemnestra is incredibly strained after he sacrifices their daughter Iphigenia. However, if emotions are withheld it can be seen that perhaps Agamemnon’s marital and gender role supported his decision. As was seen wit h the death of Hippolytus, stemming from Theseus’ duty to uphold his principles, it can be inferred that the requirement for a male to preserve his honor comes before family.Although taking a different approach, Oresteia: Agamemnon, has the same main principles regarding marital roles. Except this text allows us to see what happens when roles compete. As the story progresses more insight is provided into how marital roles are affected when one takes precedence over another. When Agamemnon returns home he brings with him a new woman, Cassandra. After arguing with his wife about not wanting to display excess hubris by walking on the purple carpet their time together becomes very strained. Shortly after his return Clytemnestra murders Agamemnon and Cassandra.Her catharsis is complete after committing these murders and uses the sacrifice of Iphigenia as justification for her actions. Both the love affair of Clytemnestra with Aegisthus and Agamemnon with Cassandra hint that perhap s there were a little bit more public scandalous acts that took place in Ancient Greece than the other two texts let on. We have learned that in order to be a good wife she must protect her family and be loyal to her husband. The text written by Aeschylus explicitly proves that when a wife must choose between loyalty to her husband and protection of her family she will choose her family.Regardless of the obvious differences between this text and the two priors they all three present Ancient Greek gender and marital roles to be comprised of the same basic principles. That being said, all three illuminate a new characteristic. After analyzing all the texts it can be assumed that Greek culture revolved around family, loyalty, and honor. A good wife is a woman who puts her family first and remains loyal to her husband no matter what the circumstances. Likewise a good husband defends the honor of himself whilst remaining devoted to his family.Nonetheless, after further analysis it can be argued that social norms for marital roles did not always go hand in hand with what a â€Å"good† husband or wife should do. This is because certain roles are emphasized more than others. When a wife chooses her children over her husband or a man defends his honor at the consequence of his family he or she can no long fit into the paradigm for a â€Å"good† husband or wife. In another text written by Euripides, Medea, the view into the past is much different than that of Hippolytus or any of the other texts.That being said, it is crucial to analyze the new perspective in order to formulate an educated theory on what Ancient Greek marital roles used to be. Jason and Medea are married with children when Jason chooses to suddenly leave to marry the daughter of the king of Corinth. Euripides is insinuating that in some instances male gender roles overpower their marital roles. As a Greek man it is his duty to gain honor and status as well as to create a family. However, a s a Greek husband it is his duty to be devoted to his family and to never leave them.From this text we can infer that the desire of a man to achieve honor and status can lead some men to abandon their families. The prospect of one day being king is too much for Jason, he leaves and forgoes his marital roles. His choice to relieve himself of his duties as a husband infers that not all men in Ancient Greece were morally sound, taking a very loose interpretation of the word â€Å"honor. † Additionally, Medea involves herself in some actions that go against what would be considered socially preferable. Medea is distraught and angry after Jason abandons her and the children.She takes action by plotting to hurt Jason the way that he hurt her. Medea gives Jason’s new wife a poisoned robe that burns her flesh off and murders her own two children in hopes to harm Jason. By murdering both Jason’s wife and her children she is exhibiting revenge with the only intention of b enefiting herself. This act infers that there were many citizens of Ancient Greece who did not regard the normal social roles. Unlike Agamemnon who sacrificed his daughter to fulfill one of his societal roles, Medea acts completely outside of the norm by murdering her children in cold blood.Euripides may potentially be trying to express that there are always going to be individuals that act radically opposite to what is at the time considered normal. A distinction that must be recognized is that between gender roles and marital roles with the understanding that they sometimes overlap. It seems as if more attention is placed on gender roles than marital roles. For instance, Odysseus chooses to cheat on his wife, Agamemnon sacrifices his daughter, Clytemnestra murders her husband, and Jason deserts his family.After analyzing all of the texts we can finally make an educated decision on what marital and gender roles were like in Ancient Greece. It appears that Ancient Greek society had determined roles for both men and women and they were meant to be adamantly revered. A good husband was considered to be a man who was devoted to his family and defended the honor of himself and his home. He recognized that there is no honor in hurting loved ones, no matter what the outcome. Additionally, a good wife was a woman who was completely loyal to her husband and her family, protecting them by whatever means necessary.However, thorough analysis reveals that there were often times people who went against what would be deemed â€Å"good† because they made a choice when roles conflicted that ensued a consequence for a loved one to bear. And finally there were those who went against the grain completely. Overall, Ancient Greek social norms involved family at the center and devotion from every member to each other. The reason there is such a strong emphasis placed on understanding, documenting, and analyzing history is because it is through historical analysis that schola rs can infer as to how modern-day culture came to be.It is through investigation of historical texts and other mediums of recording history that allows us to track the progression of people and their roles in society. In the current era people are still learning more about how past societies operated and what led to their development. From Homer to Hemmingway there is always more that can be learned through textual analysis, whether it be a historical primary source or not. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Struck, Peter T. â€Å"ClSt 200 – Greek Tragedy. † ClSt 200 – Greek Tragedy. N. p. , 2000. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. .